Transcript Bio 423 Freshwater Biology Fall, 2009

Lobelia
cardinalis
Vernonia nova-boracensis
Earth…
The Water Planet!
Saltwater in Oceans and Seas…
Frozen in Ice Caps and Glaciers……
Concerns?
Quality
Quantity
Availability
Concerns?
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Rainfall distribution…
Total consumption…
Degradation of available supplies…
Groundwater?
– Aquifers are ancient…
• Invasive aquatic species…
Toledo beach on 3 August, 2014
The algae-clogged waters of Lake Erie as seen from
Maumee Bay State Park near Toledo, Ohio on 2 August 2014
Toledo’s water crisis – 2 August
“A ban has been placed on tap
water in Lucas County.”
Spread of Lake Erie’s toxic algae poses
challenge to governments…
A sign in Maumee Bay State
Park in Oregon, Ohio, warns
beachgoers about blue-green
algae.
(= Cyanobacteria)
Microcystis aeruginosa
Hepatotoxins…
Nodularia
Microcystis
“Bathtub ring" of mineral deposits
on Lake Mead, but groundwater
loss is generally invisible…
Severe drought is causing the western US to rise
like a spring uncoiling…
Scientists have used GPS data to discover that the
growing, broad-scale loss of water is causing the
entire western US to rise up like an uncoiled spring.
Maps of GPS points in the western United States, with
blue indicating a drop and yellow-red reflecting a rise.
Tiny Eurasian exotic is upending watery
ecosystems across the northern Great Lakes
Spiny Water
Flea
Bythotrephes
longimanus
Worldwide water shortage by 2040…
By 2020 the water issue affects 30-40% of the
world…
Dry Lands Getting Drier, Wet Getting Wetter…
Earth's Water Cycle Intensifying With
Atmospheric Warming…
Focusing On Water for Central Everglades
Essential to Reversing Whole Ecosystem's
Continuing Decline…
Himalayan Glaciers Retreating at Accelerated
Rate in Some Regions…
Unprecedented Glacier Melting in the Andes
Blamed On Climate Change…
The Blue Planet's New Water Budget Do We
Have Enough???
Lake Chad Inhabitants Adapt to Lower Water
Levels…
Lake Chad used to be one of
the biggest lakes in the
world, but its volume has
been reduced to a tenth of
what it was in the 1960s.
Australia's long-term
decline in fall and winter
rainfall is of great
concern….
Great Plains River Basins
Threatened by Pumping
of Aquifers…
Scientists have found that rainwater can penetrate below the Earth's fractured
upper crust, which could have major implications for our understanding of
earthquakes and the generation of valuable mineral deposits
Nonindigenous Species?
What is a Weed?
Nonindigenous Species?
What is a Weed?
Nonindigenous Species?
USGS : National Biological Information
Infrastructure (NBII)
1. Inventorying and monitoring
2. Information and Technology services
http://www.nbii.gov/index.html
Invasive Species:
http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/
Nonindigenous Species?
Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Geographic
Information System
(>12,000 non-native aquatic species have been
reviewed, archived, and made available)
http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/aquatics/m
ain.shtml
http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/Programs/invasi
ve/
Nonindigenous Species?
Great Lakes nonindigenous aquatic species list:
http://www.glerl.noaa.gov/res/Programs/invasive/
Cornell has a good site with information:
http://www.cce.cornell.edu/Environment/Pages/Invasi
veSpecie
New York State also has a very good site:
Http://www.nyis.info/
Timeline for Invasive Taxa for Lake Erie
> 240
2015
Nonindigenous Species?
Taxa?
Weedy Nonindigenous Species
in western Lake Erie?
Myriophyllum spicatum (1952)
Lythrum salicaria (early 1800s)
Lycopus europaeus (mid 1800s)
Butomus umbellatus (1897)
Potamogeton crispus (late 1800s)
How do these species spread?
The New York State Barge Canal and Feeders…
Trapa natans
Ecology (“oikos”)
Marine =
Oceanography
Terrestrial =
Eperiology
Freshwater =
Limnology
Limnos = “Lake…”
Limnology…
One might become a researcher in:
• Hydrogeology
• Limnochemistry
• Limnophysics
• Limnobotany
• Limnozoology
• Limnobacteriology
• Fisheries
WHEN?
Francois Alphonse Forel
1880
Lake Geneva, a
Limnological Monograph
Lake Geneva
George Evelyn Hutchinson
Yale University
Treatise on Limnology
(1957-67)
“Limnology is the study of all
inland waters and external influences that
affect their nature and processes occurring
in them…”
Biological Limnology…
Macrophytes, Microphytes, Microzoa, Macrozoa…
Physical Limnology…
Lake origins, sediments, and hydrodynamics
Chemical Limnology…
Nutrient Analysis and Cycling…
First day of class – Aquatic and Wetland Plants – OSU
…learning how to handle a rowboat!
Piseco Lake Study… 2015
Piseco Lake Study… 2015
January 2015 – David contacted me regarding a
survey of Piseco Lake…
June 5 – David and I met to discuss a survey…
Sampling dates:
28 June
24 July
18 or 19 August?
12 September – a class sampling
Irondequoit Bay
Irondequoit Bay
Fall, Cold Stream, and Mill Streams
Higgins Bay
Piseco Lake Study… 2015
Cedar Eden Environmental LLC - Hamilton County
Ten Year Trends: 1993 – 2003
Published 2005 –
Hamilton County Soil and
Water Conservation District
Water Monitoring Program
Piseco Lake Study… 2015
Cedar Eden Environmental LLC - Hamilton County
Ten Year Trends: 1993 – 2003
Chemical analysis with some of the
physical aspects…
Seasonal mean chlorophyll a
trend in Piseco Lake…
Biological?
Piseco Lake Study… 2015
To date we have sampled just the vascular
aquatic plants at areas around the lake.
In September the class will resample the areas of
highest diversity to add to the data base.
In addition we will make plankton tows for
analysis back in the lab.
Piseco Lake Study… 2015
The survey is tied to a course we are offering at
Utica College this fall – 4 September through 23
October.
Bio 420 Biology of Aquatic Invasive Species
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What is an aquatic invasive species?
Where do they originate?
How are they introduced?
Economic impacts?
Control or eradication?
Surveillance?
Aquatic Plant Surveys?
Piseco Lake Study… 2015
A product of the Survey will be a brochure-type
publication generated that can consist of a
photograph and brief write up for each species
[taxon]. This publication will provide all
interested persons with a means to identify the
plants that they observe in the Lake.
It could also contain the most probable invasive
species which might pose a threat to Piseco Lake,
and compare/contrast those species with similar
native species.
Piseco Lake Study… 2015
To date we have sampled only the vascular
aquatic plants – 69 taxa identified…
In September the class will resample the areas of
highest diversity to add to the data base…
In addition we will make plankton tows which
can be identified back in the lab…
Piseco Lake Study… 2015
Kalmia angustifolia – Sheep Laural