Transcript Systems
Systems A system is a collection of related parts that interact in some organized way. Materials, energy and information that enter the system from outside are Inputs. Materials, energy, and information that leave are outputs A system can be: • made up of many sub-systems • be part of a larger system. • E.g. An automobile is a system made up many smaller systems like the engine system, brake system and a fuel system. • Each of these systems are connected to one or more other systems. • A change in one system will affect the others. Earth Systems • • • • • • Earth-Universe Biosphere Cryosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Solid Earth Biosphere: This is the area occupied by living organisms. • In resent years this has expanded with the finding of life deep underground. • The biosphere has played a major role in the shaping of our planet and still has a major impact on climate, erosion and weather patterns. What is ecology? (oikos = house or place to life; logos = study of Ecology is the study of the way living things interact with each other and their physical surroundings. It looks at the ways an organism is molded by its surroundings, how they make use of these surroundings, and how the area is altered by the presence and activities of organisms. These interactions involve energy and matter, which must flow through the organism if it is to stay alive. An organism is any form of life. Organisms can be classified into species - groups of organisms that resemble one another in appearance, behavior, chemistry, and genetic code. They are the same species if they can reproduce sexually to produce live, fertile offspring. A population consists of all the members of the same species living in a specific area at the same time. The place where a population lives is known as its habitat . Populations of all the different species occupying and interacting in a particular place make up a community. An ecosystem is a community of different species interacting with one another and their no-living environment of matter and energy. All the Earth’s ecosystems make up what is called the ecosphere or biosphere Climate is the main factor that determines whether a given species will thrive in an area. Biologists have divided the terrestrial (land) portion of the biosphere into biomes . These are large regions with a distinct climate and specific life forms. E.g. Desert, grassland. Each biome may have many ecosystems with communities adapted to the changes in soil, climate and other factors throughout the biome. The marine and freshwater portions of the biosphere are divided into aquatic life zones. Biodiversity is the genetic diversity, species diversity and ecological diversity that are so important to life on this planet. It is the result of adaptations that have evolved over billions of years due to environmental changes in the Earth’s past. Vocabulary List: Ecology, niche, habitat, species, natural selection, organism, ecosystem, biosphere, biomes, predator, herbivore, carnivore, biotic, abiotic, community, aquatic, population, Biodiversity, producer (autotrophs), consumer (heterotrophs), omnivore, keystone species, interspecific, symbiotic, mutualsim, commensalism, parasitism, primary, secondary, tertiary, detritivore, decomposer, trophic level, pyramid of numbers, biomass, generalist, specialist, native, exotic, indicator, succesion