Transcript Chapter 11 Jeopardy - Jutzi

Chapter 11 Jeopardy
Genetic Variation
& Natural
Selection
Other Mechanisms
of Evolution
Hardy-Weinberg &
Speciation through
Isolation
Patterns in
Evolution
Chapter 10
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
Final Jeopardy
2
What is the difference between
microevolution and
macroevolution?
3
Microevolution – evolution of a
small population of organisms
Macroevolution – evolution of
an entire species world-wide
4
What term refers to the measure of
how common a certain allele occurs
in a population?
5
Allele Frequency
6
What term refers to the
combined alleles of all the
members of a population?
7
Gene Pool
8
What are the two main
sources of genetic variation in
organisms?
9
Mutations and recombination events
during meiosis
10
What types of selection are shown
in the following figures?
11
Stabilizing
Directional Disruptive
12
What term refers to the
change in allele
frequencies in a
population over time?
13
Genetic Drift
14
The movement of genes
from one population to
another is called…
15
Gene flow
16
What are the two types of
sexual selection? Provide an
example of each type.
17
Intrasexual – when two males
compete for the chance to mate with
a female (two deer bucking heads)
Intersexual – when a male does
something to impress a female for
the purpose of mating (male feather
displays for female birds)
18
What is the difference between
the founder effect and the
bottleneck effect?
19 Founder Effect – genetic drift that
occurs after a small number of
individuals colonize a new area
Bottleneck Effect – genetic drift
that occurs after an event
drastically reduces the size of a
population
20
Sexual selection and natural
selection are often at odds with
each other. What is the
difference between these forms
of selection and how may they
work in opposite ways on the
body plans of organisms?
21 Sexual selection – developing traits
that increase mating success
Natural selection – developing traits
that increase survivability
A trait that increases mating success
may also reduce the chances that an
organism may avoid predation
22
What is the Hardy-Weinberg
equation used to predict?
p2 + 2pq +
2
q
=1
23
Genotype frequencies in a
population
24
When a population is in
Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, it mean they
are not….
25
Evolving!!!
26
Define Speciation
27
The rise of two or more species from
one existing species
28
Which of the following scenarios must
a population exhibit in order to be in
Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
1. Lots of immigration & emigration
2. Some individuals have
advantageous traits
3. High mutation rates
4. Extremely large population
29
Extremely large population
30
Speciation through isolation
can occur due to 4 possible
barriers. What are these 4 types
of isolation?
31
Reproductive
Behavioral
Geographic
Temporal
32
The elimination of a species
from earth
33
Extinction
34
The process by which two
species evolve as a response
to each other is known as…
35
Coevolution
36
There is a pattern in the history of life.
Bursts of evolutionary activity are
followed by long periods of stability.
This pattern is described by the theory
of…….
37
Punctuated equilibrium
38
Define adaptive radiation
39
The diversification of one
ancestral species into many
descendant species
40
What is the difference between
convergent and divergent evolution?
41
Convergent – evolution towards
similar characteristics in unrelated
organisms
Divergent – when closely related
species evolve in different directions
42
Remnants of organs or
structures that had a function
in an early ancestor
37
Vestigial structures
44
A term used to describe how
well an organism is able to
survive and pass its genes on
to the next generation
45
Fitness
46
What term refers to the
distribution of organisms around
the world?
47
Biogeography
48
What is the difference between
homologous and analogous
structures? Which one shows an
evolutionary relationship?
49Homologous – similar structure, but
different function. This shows an
evolutionary relationship
Analogous – similar function, but
structurally very different. Does not
show any sort of evolutionary
relationship
50
What are the 4 main
principles of natural
selection?
51
Variation
Overproduction
Adaptation
Descent with modification
52
What 5 conditions must be met for a
population to be considered to be in HardyWeinberg Equilibrium?
53
Very large population
No gene flow
No mutations
No sexual selection
No natural selection