Transcript population - Human Anatomy

This is Your Class!
• Your website address is:
• http://www.fullfrontalanatomy.com/Bio3.html
• On that website are all of the informational components of this
class. There you will find your schedule, syllabus, instructions,
ppts, notes, videos, websites etc.
• There is also a wealth of tutorial resources
• You must purchase access (or it will come with a new book) to
www.masteringbiology.com When you first create your account,
you will enter my class which is MBHOUGHTON81153
• I have made a Facebook Page for your convenience at:
www.facebook.com/s14bio3
• I highly recommend that you read your textbook and complete the
questions at the end of the chapter. Each chapter has a nice
review at the end as well.
• A short word about grades!
website UNIT 1)
(all grades fully elaborated on the
• Grade A: Deeply engaged in course material
and classroom sessions. An “A” student asks
questions, participates in course discussions
and does above average on examinations,
papers, in-class exercises homework, labs and
pop quizzes. This student attends all labs,
completes all lab exercises and has thoughtful
comments and questions. This student did not
miss an assignment and has learned an above
average amount of information and through
quizzes, examinations, and through oral
participation is able to interpret their
meanings. They present insightful interpretive
claims that are unusually perceptive and may
be unexpected.
Science can be Fun!
Chapter 1
• What do I need to learn?
• 1. The Scope of Life – what does
that mean?
• 2. The Properties of Life – what
properties do living things have that
non-living things do not have?
• 3. What are the levels of
organization of living things? How is
the Biosphere organized?
Setting the Stage
• What is the Universe, how did it
come about and why are you asking
this question in a biology class?
We are an evolution of the Universe!
We came “out of” the Big Bang
What is Biology?
• Technically, it’s defined as bio= life,
logy=the study of.
• So, it’s the study of life
• First, we need to ask: what is the
composition of life. Then….
• we need to ask: how do you know
that something is alive?
Basic Theories of Biology
•
Cell Theory: all living organisms are composed of cells. The cell is the
basic unit of life.
•
Gene Theory: traits are inherited through gene transmission. Genes are
located onchromosomes and consist of DNA.
•
Evolution: any genetic change in a population that is inherited over
several generations. These changes may be small or large, noticeable or
not so noticeable.
•
Homeostasis: ability to maintain a constant internal environment in
response to environmental changes.
•
Thermodynamics: energy is constant and energy transformation is not
completely efficient.
• How do I know that it’s alive?
B. Living Things Acquire Materials and Energy
1. Maintaining organization and carrying on life requires an outside
source of energy (food, sunlight, chemicals)
2. Energy - capacity to do work; it takes work to maintain organization
of the cell and organism.
3. Metabolism - all chemical reactions that occur in a cell.
4. Ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on earth is the sun
5. Organisms must maintain homeostasis -or keep themselves stable
in temperature, moisture level, acidity, etc. by physiology and behavior
C. Living Things Respond
1. Living things interact with the environment in order to find
nutrients or energy.
2. Responses to environment (stimulus) altogether
constitute the behavior of an organism.
D. Living Things Reproduce and Develop
1. Reproduction is the ability of an organism to make another
organism like itself.
2. Bacteria, protozoans, and other unicellular organisms simply
split into two
3. Multicellular organisms often unite sperm and egg -> zygote
4. Genes are made of long molecules of DNA that specify how the
organism is organized.
E. Living Things Have
Adaptations
1. Adaptations - modifications
that make an organism suited to
its way of life.
2. Natural selection is process
by which species become
modified over time.
3. Evolution is descent with
modification.
This organism is called a
pitcher plant.
What do you think its adapted
for?
How the Biosphere is Organized
A. Levels of Complexity
1. The biosphere is the zone of air, land, and water where
life is found.
2. A population consists of all members of one species in a
particular area.
3. A community consists of all of the local interacting
populations.
4. An ecosystem includes all aspects of a living community
and the
physical environment, including soils, atmosphere, etc.
5. Ecosystems are characterized by chemical cycling and
energy flow.
6. Climate is the major determining factor of where
ecosystems occur.
Each level of
organization has
emergent
properties;
however, all new
properties follow the
laws of
physics and
chemistry.
Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues,
organs, body systems, organisms,
populations, communities,
ecosystems and the biosphere will
be studied in later chapters.
BIOSPHERE
ECOSYSTEM
COMMUNITY
POPULATION
ORGANISM
ORGAN SYSTEM
ORGAN
TISSUE
CELL
MOLECULE
ATOM
B. The Human Population
1. Humans modify ecosystems for our own
purposes.
2. Some human activity threatens tropical
rain forests and coral reefs.
3. Human beings depend on healthy working
ecosystems for food, medicines, and raw
materials.
C. Biodiversity
1. Biodiversity consists of the total number of species, their
variable genes, and their ecosystems.
2. Extinction is the death of a species or larger group; perhaps
400 species go extinct each day.
3. Preserving our biosphere helps ensure the survival of our
species.
1 How Living Things Are Classified
A. Taxonomy: the Discipline of Identifying and Classifying
Organisms
1. Organisms are classified according to their evolutionary
relationships.
2. As more is learned about organisms, the taxonomy changes.
How would you group these four
organisms?
Two groups? Three Groups?
B. Categories of Classification
1. From larger categories to smaller: Domains, kingdoms, phylum, class, order,
family, genus and species. (King Philip Came Over For Great Soup)
2. In the Kingdoms Plantae and Fungi, the category “phylum” is replaced by
“division.”
The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea and Eucarya
Some scientists consider a 4 kingdom system and others a 6 kingdom
system and still others, a 5 kingdom system (grouping archaea and
bacteria together as one)
C. Domains
1. Biochemical evidence breaks life into three domains:
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
2. Eukarya have a membrane-bounded nucleus.
3. The prokaryotes are structurally simple but have complex
metabolisms.
4. Archaea vary from regular bacteria; all Archaea live in
water, cannot tolerate oxygen, and have ability
to survive harsh temperatures, salts, and acids similar to
what was found on the primitive earth.
D. Kingdoms
1. The Archaea and Bacteria are sometimes just referred to
as kingdoms as well as Domains
2. Eukarya contains four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae,
and Animalia.
Comprehension Fail......
Do some research and determine the answers to the questions on this table
Bring this to class on Thursday
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
Eukarya
Plant
Animal
Fungus
Protista
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Cell Nucleus (Y/N) Number of Cells
Method of Nutrition