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BELL RINGER • When the bell rings---get your science text book and read SILENTLY PAGE 566. • Be ready to discuss with the class how an unfortunate accident for Alexis St. Martin ended up helping Dr. Beaumont be recognized as the first great American medical scientist. Gruesome Medical Breakthrough with Dr. Wm. Beaumont • June 1822—American Fur Company—Alexis St. Martin • Gunshot to stomach leaving a gaping hole spilling out breakfast • Dr. Beaumont-one-year medical apprenticeship • Experiments—ten years • Digestion—chemical –composed largely of hydrochloric acid • Kept “captive”—Guinea Pig• 1853—slipped on ice and died • St. Martin outlived Beaumont by 27 years If you are done with your Monster… •Have your name and period on each of the 3 papers. •Turn in Monster Drawing. •Your Monster geno/phenotype paper. •Baby Monster geno/phenotype paper. You do NOT need to turn your monster in with your partners. The Digestive System Rubric for the Digestive System Learning Target: I CAN describe the parts, functions and the Relationship of the organs in the digestive system. The Digestive System Digestive Tract: mouth-teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine. Accessory organs: salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas. Digestive Tract on a cadaver about 9 m long. Three Parts to Digestion • Digestion oMechanical – physical breakdown oChemical – enzyme breakdown • Absorption – extraction of nutrients into system • Evacuation – removal of waste from system Mouth • Mechanical digestion – teethnot made of bone but rather made of enamel and dentin. • Chemical digestion – saliva Esophagus • Muscular tube • The esophagus squeezes the mass of food by muscle contractions called peristalsis into the stomach. Stomach • Strong muscles that perform mechanical digestion • Contains digestive juices and strong acid (kills some of bacteria) • Converts food into acid soup called Chyme or partially digested food • Damage to inside lining of stomach is called an ulcer Stomach • FACTS-Stomach in short people lays horizontal—tall people like a J • Mucus lines the stomach to protect it from the acids and it replaces itself every 3 days Pancreas • Fish shaped accessory organ • Food does not go through the pancreas • Produces chemicals to help break down macromolecules • Produces bicarbonates to neutralize the stomach acid. • Insulin, a hormone which helps control the level of glucose (a type of sugar) in the blood, is also made in the pancreas. Small Intestine • Most digestion and absorption occurs here • Chyme moves through by peristalsis • Villi, on the inside wall, absorbs the digested foodNUTRIENTS—into the blood stream • About 6 m long but only 2.5 cm in diameter Liver • Accessory organ • Your liver is the busiest organ in your body. • Produces bile to help digest fat • It also helps to work out what your body needs from food - the nutrients - and if you've got too much of something, it can store it up! • Your liver is your biggest internal body organ and weighs 1.5kg (3.3 lb)! Gall Bladder • Accessory organ • Stores bile • Helps digest fat Large Intestine (Colon) • No digestion takes place here • Absorbs water into the blood • Forms wastes into solid feces • The “GOOD GUYS” – BACTERIA also live here. (over 400 species) • These bacteria also produce large amounts of vitamins, especially vitamin K and biotin (a B vitamin), for absorption into the blood. Rectum • Stores wastes • Last stop for wastes prior to evacuation.