Transcript Lecture4_2006-ID-Petromyzontiformes to Osteoglossiformes

Lab 4-- Identification:
Petromyzontiformes to
Osteoglossiformes
Chestnut lamprey (Icthyomyzon castaneus)
Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)
Wisconsin Fishes
Cenezoic
425
Cretaceous
135
Jurassic
180
Triassic
230
Permian
280
Carboniferous
345
Devonian
400
Silurian
425
Ordivician
500
Cambrian
570
Lake
Winnebago
Wisconsin River
Petromyzontiformes - Petromyzontidae
• 41 species worldwide, 6 species
found in Wisconsin
• Sometimes parasitic
• The sea lamprey contributed to the
collapse of the Great Lakes lake
trout fishery
Petromyzontiformes - Petromyzontidae
Sea lamprey
Petromyzon marinus
American brook lamprey
Lampetra appendix
Chestnut lamprey
Ichthyomyzon castaneus
WI DNR & Wisconsin
Aquatic Gap Mapping
Application
American brook lamprey
Sea lamprey
Chestnut lamprey
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Acipenseriformes - Acipenseridae
• 23 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin
• Most species are endangered
– Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso)
• Feed on benthic invertebrates
• Sought after gamefish
White sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) don’t have to know
Sturgeons (Acipenseridae)
Lake sturgeon
Acipenser fulvescens
Shovelnose sturgeon
Scaphirhynchus
platorynchus
WI DNR & Wisconsin
Aquatic Gap Mapping
Application
Lake sturgeon
Shovelnose sturgeon
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Acipenseriformes - Polyodontidae
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2 species worldwide
“A living plankton net”
Are listed as Threatened
Found only in Mississippi and Wisconsin rivers
Paddlefish
(Polyodon spathula)
WI DNR & Wisconsin
Aquatic Gap Mapping
Application
Paddlefish
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Lepisosteiformes - Lepisosteidae
• Only 7 species worldwide, 2 found in Wisconsin
• Piscivorous
Longnose gar (Lepistosteus osseus)
Shortnose gar (Lepistosteus platostomus)
WI DNR & Wisconsin
Aquatic Gap Mapping
Application
Longnose gar
Shortnose gar
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Amiiformes - Amiidae
• Only 1 extant species
(Amia calva)
• Cycloid scales
• Voracious predators
• Fairly widespread
Bowfin (Amia calva)
WI DNR & Wisconsin
Aquatic Gap Mapping
Application
Bowfin
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Clupeiformes - Clupeidae
• 330 species worldwide, 3 found in Wisconsin
• Most are marine
Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
Gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)
WI DNR & Wisconsin
Aquatic Gap Mapping
Application
Alewife
Gizzard shad
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfis
h/
Anguilliformes - Anguillidae
• Approximately 622 species, mostly marine
• Only 1 species in Wisconsin (Anguilla rostrata)
American Eel (Anguilla rostrata)
WI DNR & Wisconsin
Aquatic Gap Mapping
Application
American eel
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Osteoglossiformes - Hiodontidae
• Only representatives of Osteoglossiformes in Wisconsin
Mooneye (Hiodon tergisus)
WI DNR & Wisconsin
Aquatic Gap Mapping
Application
Mooneye
http://web2.er.usgs.gov/wdnrfish/
Geographic Distributions
• Mississippi River supports all the native
primitive fishes
• Most primitive fishes are primarily found in
large bodies of water…why?
Why in the $#%* do we have to do all this writing
in our fishes course?
• Get lots of instruction on writing…not as much on
scientific writing, what is the difference?
• Importance of being able to express your thoughts,
regardless of what career you choose
• Research techniques are universal
• If you go on in science, it is the only currency that
matters?.......what do I mean by that?
Peer Review…?
• Criticism is important…”constructive criticism” is
best!
• Two types: Internal and External. Point of internal
review is to make external review go well
• When you are reviewing someone else’s work think
how you would want to be reviewed…..You want to
do the best job you can…but you don’t want to be
yelled at to do it!
• You are going to do this for each other
The paper process…
• Observation or idea
– It looks like every time we catch white suckers, we are
sampling in a deeper portion of the stream…?
– I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is related to
the biomass of trout species?
• Develop Hypothesis
– It looks like every time we catch white suckers, we are
sampling in a deeper portion of the stream…?
– I wonder if the biomass of non-trout species is related to
the biomass of trout species?
• Hit the literature
– What does everyone else have to say about this?
Where do you find information…
1. Web, Google and Google Scholar
2. Online Databases
1. Biological Abstracts
2. ISI Web of Science
Hypothesis Testing
An educated guess or prediction about an
experiment, behavior, outcome, relationship
etc.
Statistical Terms
The null hypothesis (H0)
fish growth 1 = fish growth 2
The alternative hypothesis (H1)
fish growth 1  fish growth 2
Structure of a scientific paper
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Methods – study site, data analyses
Results – graphs, tables analyses
Discussion
Literature Cited
Order you write a scientific paper
1. Results – start with a picture, tell your story
2. Discussion – what’s cool about your story, also
relative to what other people found
3. Methods – what did you do to get your results
4. Introduction – background on what you found
5. Abstract – just the highlights
6. Title – make it work for your story
7. Literature Cited
Style
• Use active voice
– We calculated fish condition (active)
– Fish condition was calculated (passive)
• OK to write in the first person tense
– I hypothesized that water temperature
would affect fish activity.
– We measured fish abundance in a 50 m
reach.
Citing References
Jaw opening velocity and depression of the lower jaw both
decrease* when largemouth bass are* fed to
satiation (Sass and Motta, 2002).
According to Roth and Kitchell (2002), selective predation
by fishes is* not the sole mechanism leading to the extirpation
of native orconectid crayfishes in northern Wisconsin lakes.
*Note: When referencing prior work, all verbs should be in the
present tense because you are quoting established knowledge
More writing techniques