Transcript Lec Notes 3.2- CBD

Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD) 1992
(entered into force in December 1993)
website: www.cbd.int
Dr Mahfuzul Haque
Introduction
Earth’s biological resources are vital to
humanity’s economic and social
development. As a result, there is a growing
recognition that biological diversity is a
global asset of tremendous value to present
and future generations. At the same time,
the threat to species and ecosystems has
never been so great as it is today. Species
extinction caused by anthropogenic
activities continues at an alarming rate.
Meaning of Biodiversity
“Biological diversity” means the variability
among living organisms from all sources
including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and
other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological
complexes of which they are part; this
includes diversity within species, between
species and of ecosystems.
Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD), 1992
Preamble
The parties were conscious of
Intrinsic value of biological diversity
Conservation of biological diversity is a common heritage
of humankind
States have sovereign rights over their biological
resources
States are responsible for conserving their biological
diversity
Lack of full scientific data not to be an excuse for
inaction
Recognition of traditional dependence of many
indigenous and local communities on biological diversity
Article 1
Objectives
Three objectives of the Convention are:
Conservation of biological diversity
Ensure sustainable use of its components
Ensure fair and equitable sharing of benefits
arising from the use of genetic resources
Article 2
Use of Terms
Biological diversity means variability among living
organisms-terrestrial, marine and aquatic systems
including diversity within and between species and
ecosystems
Biodiversity could be defined as species richness
(plants, animals and microorganism) occurring as an
interacting system in a given habitat. It is a total sum of
genes, species and ecosystems
There are about 1.4 million species at present known in
the world. The number is likely to be about 30 to 50
million.
Article 2
Use of Terms
Biotechnology means technological application
used on biological systems, living organisms to
make or modify products
Ex-situ (off-site) conservation: outside natural
habitats (birds park; botanical gardens)
In-situ (on-site) conservation: in natural
surrounding (protected areas; sanctuary; ECA;
national park)
Article 2
Use of Terms
An ecosystem is a dynamic complex of plant, animal and
micro-organism communities and their non-living
environment interacting as a functional unit (such as
forest ecosystem, wetland ecosystem, mountain
ecosystem)
Species Diversity: Diversity of different species within a
geographical area or an ecosystem, such as mango,
tiger
Genetic Diversity: Diversity of different genes, also
known as “diversity within species” . Example; lengra,
fazle mangoes
Protected Area means a geographically defined area
designated or regulated to achieve specific conservation
objectives
Article 6
To develop national strategies, plans for
conservation and sustainable use of
biological diversity : National Biodiversity
Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP)
To integrate conservation and sustainable
use of biological diversity into sectoral plans
and policies
Article 8
In-situ conservation
Establish Protected Areas (PAs)
Develop Guidelines for PAs
Promote protection of ecosystem
Promote recovery of threatened species
Regulate, manage or control risks associated
with LMOs resulting from biotechnology which
are likely to have adverse environmental
impacts
Prevent, control or eradicate alien invasive
species, which threaten ecosystems, habitats or
species
Article 8 (j)
In-situ conservation
Respect, preserve and maintain knowledge,
innovations and practices of indigenous and
local communities embodying traditional
lifestyles relevant for the conservation and
sustainable use of biological diversity and
promote their wider application with the approval
and involvement of local community
Promote innovation and practices of these
communities and encourage equitable sharing of
benefits arising from the utilization of such
knowledge and practices
Article 9
Ex-situ conservation
Adopt measures for ex-situ conservation
preferably in the country of origin
Adopt measures for recovery and
rehabilitation of threatened species
Regulate and manage collection of
biological resources from natural habitats
for ex-situ conservation
Article 12
Research and Training
Establish and maintain program for
scientific and technical education and
training measures for sustainable use of
biological diversity
Promote and encourage research
Article 14
Impact Assessment
Introduce procedures in EIA so that likely
adverse impacts of a project on biological
diversity could be addressed
Environment program and policies with likely
adverse impacts on biological diversity should
be revised
Promote exchange of information and
consultation through bilateral, multilateral and
regional arrangements
Promote emergency response measures
Article 15
Access to Genetic Resources
Access genetic resources for environmentally
sound use only
Access to mutually agreed terms and conditions
Access subject to Prior Informed Consent (PIC)
Legislative, administrative and policy measures
for sharing results of research and development
and the benefits arising from the commercial
utilization of genetic resources
Article 19
Parties may consider the need for a
Protocol setting out procedures for safe
transfer, handling and use of any Living
Modified Organisms (LMOs) resulting from
biotechnology that may have adverse
effect on the conservation and sustainable
use of biological diversity
COP 10
Tenth Conference of Parties (COP-10) held at
Nagoya, Japan on 18-29 October 2010 was
attended by 193 country-parties
Aichi-Nagoya Strategic Biodiversity Plan (20112020) with vision for 2050 was finalized
Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing was
adopted
2010 declared as the International Year of
Biodiversity
Probable Questions
1. What are the three objectives of the CBD –
discuss
2. What is meant by in-situ and ex-situ
conservation- discuss in the light of CBD
3. Write short notes on Ecosystem Diversity;
Species Diversity; and Genetic Diversity
Further Reading
Text on Convention on Biological
Diversity, 1992; website: www.cbd.int
Thank You