Transcript BIODIVERZITA

BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity or biological diversity is usually defined as:
Variation of life forms (in time and space) in all main
organized levels
Biodiversity is necessary for keeping life on Earth and it
has important meaning for existence and prosperity of
mankind!
- It has lasted for 4 billion years -
Distribution of biodiversity on
Earth
 ročně je nově objeveno ca 10 000 druhů organismů (hlavně hmyzu)
The level of
biodiversity in
countries
low
high
Types of diversity
 genetic
 species
 ecosystem
 cultural
Genetic diversity
Genetic diversity –
diversity of organisms
within species
Genetic diversity influences:
Species diversity and ecosystem
diversity
BIODIVERZITA
Genetically modified organisms
• genetically modified organisms
(GMO), e.g. soya, corn, tomato,
rice; Atlantic salmon
manipulation with genetic
diversity – thanks to artificial
selection the people have risen the
diversity during last 10 000 years
Species diversity
 Species
richness
• considering biodiversity all forms of life are
important, not only remarkable plant or animal species,
but also less remarkable species of fungi, bacteria or algae
which are usually not possible to see with naked eye
Ecosystems with the highest
species diversity
Coral reef
Tropical
rainforest
Tropical
rainforest
(Puerto
Rico)
Ecosystem diversity
 On the contrary to
genetic or species
diversity it also includes
non-biotic parts
(geological basis,
climate)
Changes of biodiversity in time
The loss of biodiversity is
extremely dangerous because it
is irreversible → it represents
grave global problem of
mankind!
Main agents threatening Earth
biodiversity

Exponentially growing human population and its
consumption
agriculture
fishing
Human activities
industry
• the loss or degradation of
biotopes
• environment pollution
• changes in soil usage
• fragmentation of habitats
urban development
Excessive
usage of
natural
resources
international trade
Introduction
of invasive
species
Cultural diversity
•
Relationships among people and
to the nature around (ways of
using accessible sources)
•Knowledge and practices of original inhabitants have huge
impact on knowing and keeping of biodiversity and
sustainable development of human society
•On the contrary, decrease of cultural diversity (especially
because of local community disappearance) is connected with the
loss of precious knowledge about local biodiversity