Transcript Control of Marine Invasive Species in California

Control of Marine Invasive Species
in California
Maurya B Falkner
California State Lands Commission
Marine Facilities Division
Capitol Hill Ocean Week 2006
Washington, DC
June 14, 2006
Nonindigenous Species (NIS): Why The Concern?
NIS Impacts
Fisheries ● Aquaculture ● Ecology ● Human Health ●
Municipalities ● Agriculture ● Recreation ● Tourism
Photo: A. Meinesz
Zebra Mussel
 Clogs municipalities
 Infests approx 50% of U.S. waterways
 Great Lakes control: ~5 billion/yr.
Caulerpa taxifolia
 Carpets reefs, rock, sand, mud
 Close Call: San Diego & Huntington Harbor in 2000
 Costs for Eradication: $6.0 million in through 2004
Chinese Mitten Crab
W. Lee Mecum, CDFG
 Burrowing causes erosion
 Clog irrigation screens
 Host for Oriental lung fluke
Ballast Water Management for Control
of Nonindigenous Species Act of 1999
Established:
• Mandatory, Statewide, Multi-Agency
Ballast Water Management and Control Program
Emphasizing Research and Development
• Applies to all vessels that enter CA waters after
operating outside the West Coast EEZ.
• Sunsets in January 2004
• Legislative Report January 2003
2003 Program Summary by Agency
BOE
•
Collection of per voyage Fee
• Implemented self-reporting program
• > 95% Fee submission
SWRCB
• No treatment options currently approved
Recommendations
• Continue BWE
• Identify alternative technologies
• Consider shoreside treatment
• Support Demonstration Projects
2003 Program Summary by Agency Continued
CDFG-OSPR
•
•
Identified 747 organisms
Primarily from NW Atlantic, NW Pacific and NE
Atlantic
Recommendations
•
Ongoing surveys for NAS
•
Identify introduction pathways
•
Refine Taxonomy
2003 Program Summary by Agency
CSLC
Ballast Water Reporting Form
• 92% Submitted Required BW Form
• 96% Complied with mandatory management requirements
– Continued Problems
Delinquent forms (~10%)
Late forms (~10%)
Inaccurate or incomplete forms (~35%)
Violations of management requirements (~4%)
Vessel Inspections
•
3884 Vessel inspections completed
–
532 Violations (13% Operational)
CSLC 2003 Summary Continued
Demonstration Project
• Grant from USFWS and Port of Oakland
• Two vessels (container and passenger)
Fee establishment
• Technical Advisory Group (TAG)
• > 98% Fee submission
Advanced Approval Program
• Working with USCG
Recommendations from CSLC 2003 Report
Continue the State’s program
Include coastwise (i.e., domestic) traffic
Reporting for all port calls
Remove exemptions
Improve reporting data accuracy
Continue “fee-based” program
Improve compliance through enforcement
Expand and coordinate research
Establish interim and final performance standards
Support technology development
Continue biological surveys
2003 CA Legislative Session
• CA Marine Invasive Species Act (MISA)
The purpose of the Act:
“To move the state expeditiously toward the
elimination of the discharge of nonindigenous
species into the waters of the state or waters that
may impact the waters of the state, based on the
best available technology economically achievable”
The Marine Invasive Species Act
Original Provisions
– Sunset provision – January 1, 2010
– Fee based
– Safety Exemption
– Reporting and record keeping
– Multi-agency program
– Continued biological surveys
– Ecological studies
– Coordination with Technical Advisory Group
– Reports to Legislature
The Marine Invasive Species Act
New Provisions
• Most exemptions removed
• Additional management option
• Reporting at each port call
• BW log
• Expand to include coastal traffic
• Recommend potential discharge standards
• Evaluate other possible ship-mediated
vectors
• Experimental Technology Advanced Approval
Program
• Civil and Criminal penalties
Marine Invasive Species Act
Mandates for the Coastal Regulation
“The commission…shall adopt regulations governing ballast water
management for vessels arriving at a California port or place from a
port or place within the Pacific Coast Region.”
• 2002 Workshop -
West Coast Oceanography: Implications for Ballast Exchange
• 2003 Workshop -
West Coast Exchange
Participants (50 from CA, OR, WA): Maritime Industry, Environmental Groups, Biological
Oceanographers, Regulators
• 2004 CSLC Technical Advisory Group Meeting
California Coastal Ballast Water Management
Participants (38 from CA, OR, WA): Industry, Regulators, & Environmental Groups
• 2005 California Rulemaking Process
Approved September 23, 2005
Effective March 22, 2006
Article 4.6 Coastal Regulation
 Ballast Exchange 50 nm offshore/200 m depth
 Consistent with WA, OR, BC, and IMO
 Biologically Protective
 Understandable
 Retention
East of 154 W
 Discharge to an approved reception facility
 Alternative ballast management:
 Approved by Commission or USCG
 As effective as exchange 200 nm offshore
 Extraordinary Circumstances:
 Irregular, unforeseeable, not related to safety
 Exchange at a location agreed to by the CSLC
and USCG at or before the request.
 Alternatives Through Petition
North of 25 N
Marine Invasive Species Act
Mandates for Performance Standards
“The commission . .shall submit to the Legislature . . a report that
recommends specific performance standards. . The performance
standards shall be based on best available technology economically
achievable and . . . protect the beneficial uses of affected . . waters.”
 5 Technical Advisory Group Meetings in 2005
 Advisory group reports submitted to CSLC October 2005
 CSLC report to Legislature January 30, 2006
 CA Senate Bill 497 introduced in February 2006
CSLC Recommended Interim Performance Standards
Organism Size (units)
Majority Panel Recommendations
> 50 m (/m3)
No detectable living organisms
10 - 50 m (/mL)
10-2 organisms
< 10 m(/100 mL)
103 for bacteria
104 for viruses
Public health protective limits
Implementation Schedule
Ballast Water Capacity
New Vessels in this size class
constructed on or after
All other vessels
in this size class
beginning in
< 1500 metric tons
2009
2016
1500 – 5000 metric
tons
2009
2014
> 5000 metric tons
2012
2016
CSLC Recommended Final Discharge Standard
Zero detectable living organisms by January 2020
Marine Invasive Species Act
Mandates for Vessel Fouling
“The commission. . .shall prepare an analysis of the vectors, other than
ballast water, and relative risks of those vectors . . The Commission shall
prepare a report summarizing the results. . .and recommending action. . . ”
 Technical Advisory Group Meetings
 Final Report to Legislature, May 2006
 mandatory reporting
 adopt regulations for high risk vessels
 support technology development
 address fouling on vessels < 300 GRT
 expand research
Marine Invasive Species Program
Other Major Activities
Hull Fouling
 Contract with Portland State and Smithsonian
 Examine Hull Fouling Vector on US Pacific Coast
 2-yr project
Ship-Board Treatment Technology
 Contract with Matson Navigation
 Installation and testing of Ecochlor Ecopod
 2-yr project
BW Exchange Verification
 Contract with Smithsonian
 Testing Application of Chemical Tracers
on the U.S. Pacific Coast
 2-yr project
Marine Invasive Species Program
Moving forward

Improve Compliance

Regulations on Performance Standards

Legislative authority addressing vessel fouling

Research on technology & vessel fouling