Transcript Global Ballast Water Management Programme (GloBALL)

The Management of Invasive Species in
Marine & Coastal Environments
Module 6
The International Response
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Module 6 Objectives
• To describe the international regulatory
regime for invasive species, particularly
those in marine and coastal
environments
• To provide an overview of international
initiatives to promote information
sharing and provide support for invasive
species management
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Invasive Alien Species: An
International Problem
Invasive alien species are by
definition a transboundary problem,
and can therefore only be effectively
addressed through international cooperation.
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The International Regulatory
Framework & IAS Issues
Three types:
• Long-established agreements
• Biodiversity related treaties
• Technical guidelines
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The Convention on Biological Diversity
(CBD)
Article 8(h) of the Convention requires Parties:
“As far as possible and as appropriate, (to)
prevent the introduction of, control or
eradicate those alien species which threaten
ecosystems, habitats or species.”
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CBD Marine and Coastal Management
Provisions
Five thematic issues:
• Integrated marine and coastal area
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management
Marine and coastal protected areas
Sustainable use of marine and coastal living
resources
Mariculture
Alien species
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Jakarta Mandate
Programme of work:
• Operational objective 5.1: To achieve better
understanding of the pathways and the causes of the
introduction of alien species and the impact of such
introductions on biological diversity.
• Operational objective 5.2: To put in place
mechanisms to control all pathways, including shipping,
trade and mariculture, for potential alien invasive species
in the marine and coastal environment.
• Operational objective 5.3: To maintain an incident list
on introductions of alien species.
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Ramsar Convention
Parties of Convention urged to:
• Address the problems posed by invasive species in
wetland ecosystems in a decisive and holistic manner
• Undertake risk assessments of alien species which may
pose a threat to the ecological character of wetlands
• Identify the presence of IAS in Ramsar sites
• Cooperate fully in the prevention, eradication and control
of invasive species
• Examine carefully the potential environmental impacts
due to invasive species
• Ensure that prevention, eradication and control of such
species are fully incorporated in national legislation and
national wetland and biodiversity policies
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The United Nations Convention on
Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)
• comprehensive regime of law and order in the
world's oceans and seas
• rules governing all uses of the oceans and their
resources
• enshrines the notion that all problems of ocean space
are closely interrelated and need to be addressed as
a whole
Provides that:
“States shall take all measures necessary to
prevent, reduce and control … the intentional
or accidental introduction of species, alien or
new, to a particular part of the marine
environment, which may cause significant and
harmful changes thereto”
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The IMO Ballast Water
Convention
International Convention for the Control and Management of
Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments - 2004
• Flag State requirements
• Port State requirements
• Ballast water exchange as interim
measure
• Focus on treatment of ballast water
– Standards set
• Multiple guidelines for implementation
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Technical Guidance for Fisheries and
Aquaculture
 Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Code of
Conduct
- Responsible fisheries
- Aquaculture and mariculture
 International Council for the Exploration of the
Seas (ICES) Code of Practice
- Includes aquarium-related transfers
- Addresses GMO’s
- Includes annexes dealing with applications, risk
assessment, quarantine, monitoring
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Gaps in Existing Network of
Instruments
Biggest gap is Biofouling:
• No internationally agreed prevention
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measures
CBD Decision VI/23 §7 called on the IMO
to develop mechanisms to minimise this
as a matter of urgency
IMO Antifouling Convention could lead to
increase in biofouling related invasions
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Regional Considerations
• UNEP Regional Seas Programmes
– 13 established regions
• Regional economic bodies
– APEC / MERCOSUR
• Other regional agreements
– CCAMLR
• Regional strategies and Strategic Action
Plans developing
– SPREP
– MAP
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Global Invasive Species Programme
(GISP)
“GISP’s mission is to conserve biodiversity and sustain human livelihoods
by minimising the spread and impact of invasive alien species”
• building capacity at national, regional and international levels;
• sharing of relevant information, especially on best management
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practice;
provision of technical support to developing countries;
the development of practical, science-based and up-to-date tools to
guide decision-making and management;
promoting an integrated, holistic approach to IAS management, with
an emphasis on prevention;
promoting closer collaboration across sectors at national, regional and
global levels;
building awareness of the serious economic, health and environmental
threats posed by invasive species.
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Sharing Information
Benefits include:
• The countries within a region may share the same
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threatened biodiversity;
The countries may face similar problems so sharing new
information or techniques can lead to a common
solution;
Control or eradication efforts in one country will be
useless unless the neighbouring country is also involved;
Avoiding duplication of effort in scientific studies, and
allowing for information on marine IAS to be expanded
upon;
Aiding in identifying high-risk species and pathways
within specific regions.
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Information Support Systems
A few helpful examples:
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The listserver Aliens-L
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The Global Invasive Species
Information Network (GISIN)
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The Nature Conservancy (TNC)
Listserver
http://globallast.imo.org
http://crimp.marine.csiro.au
http://invasions.si.edu/nemesis/
http://www.issg.org/database
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The GloBallast Programme
GEF / UNDP / IMO / 6 Pilot Countries - US$10.2M
Technical cooperation / institutional strengthening / capacity building
Pilot Phase: 1 March 2000 – 31 Dec 04
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Phase II currently developing
“GloBallast Partnerships”
http://globallast.imo.org
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Quick Exercise
There are a number of international conventions and laws
which govern Invasive Alien species. A ship has released
ballast water within 5km of the harbour. An outbreak of
disease has taken place costing human lives.
• What is the obligation of the ship owners, the national
governments to the people.
• Are there existing Laws in the country governing this
introduction?if not, which international laws can be
applied?
• Which stakeholders are authorised to carry out these
laws?
• Which stakeholders do you think should be well versed
and aware of these laws – national or international?
• How will these be enforced?
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