Transcript How Species Interact with Each Other

How Species Interact with
Each Other
Chapter 8
Section 2
What are we learning?
• Objectives:
• Essential Question:
– How are species
interacting with
each other essential
to their survival?
– Explain the
difference between
habitat and niche
– Give examples of a
niche
– Explain how
symbiotic
relationships may
evolve
– Explain the
difference between
parasitism and
predation
An Organisms Niche
• Unique role of a species within an
ecosystem
– Physical Home (habitat)
– Environmental factors necessary for
survival
– Interactions with other organisms
• Functional role or job of a particular
species in an ecosystem
• What you do VS. Who you are
Ways in Which Species Interact
Interaction
Species A
Species B
Description
Competition
Harmed
Harmed
Predation
and
Parasitism
Mutualism
Benefited
Harmed
Benefited
Benefited
Each species
negatively
affects the
other
Species A
feeds on
Species B
Each species
is helpful
Species A
benefits from
B, but B is
unaffected
Commensalism Benefited
Unaffected
Mutualism
• Close relationship
between two
species in which
each species
provides a benefit
to the other
• (+) / (+)
X. Rhinos & Oxpecker
Commensalisms
• Relationship in which
one species benefits
and the other species is
neither harmed nor
helped
• (+) / (N/A)
• X. clown fish & sea
anemome
• Raccoons eating our
garbage
Parasitism
• An organism that
lives in or on
another organism
and feeds on the
other organism
• Host usually lives
• (+) / (-)
• X. tapeworm and
humans
Predation
• Organism that
feeds on another
organism
• (+) / (-)
• Prey dies
• X. Sharks & Seals
Competition
• Relationship in
which different
individuals or
populations
attempt to use the
same limited
resources
• Occurs between
and within species
Type of Competition
• Direct = Head to
Head
• Indirect Competition
– Don’t have to
come in contact
with each other
– X. Insect feeds on
a plant in the a.m.,
a different insect
feeds on the same
plant in the p.m.
Adaptations to Competition
• Niche Restrictions- each species uses less of
the niche than they are capable of using
Symbiosis and Coevolution
• Two organisms living in close association
• Species in close relationships may evolve
adaptations that reduce the harm or
improve the benefit of the relationship.
– 2 species evolve in response to each other
– X. Flowers and hummingbirds
Let’s Review
1. Give examples of species that have
the same habitat but not the same
niche that a lion has.
2. Describe the five types of species
interactions