Transcript Energy Flow Notes

Biodiversity and Energy
Flow
Environmental Science
Mr. Nelson
Standards
► 3260.2.1
– I can trace energy flow from the
sun through living things.
► 3260.2.2 – I can diagram an energy/food
pyramid that illustrates the “Rule of 10”.
► 3260.2.3 – I can create a food web
characteristic of Tennessee composed of at
least 4 trophic levels.
► 3260.2.4 – I can describe how species
diversity relates to ecosystem stability.
I. Energy Flow
A.) All energy initially comes from the _____.
1.) Producer
- plants that take in sunlight to make
their own food (_______________)
2.) Consumers
- organisms that get their energy from
eating other organisms
I.
Energy Flow
2.) Consumers
a.) Herbivore
- eats plants
b.) Carnivore
- eats meat
c.) Omnivore
- eats plants and meat
d.) Decomposer
- breaks down dead organisms
I. Energy Flow
B.) Food Chains and Food Webs
- sequence through which energy is
transferred from one organisms to the next
as each organism eats another organism.
I. Energy Flow
B.) Food Chains and Food Webs
1.) Trophic Levels
a.) producers: __________
b.) primary consumers: eat __________
c.) secondary consumers: eat ________
d.) tertiary consumers: eat __________
I. Energy Flow
B.) Food Chains and Food Webs
- create a food chain using the following
organisms: Codfish, Killer Whale, Krill,
Algae, Leopard Seal
Algae -> Krill -> Codfish -> Seal -> Orca
I. Energy Flow
C.) Food Pyramids
- shows loss of energy through each level
- “Rule of 10”: only
10% of energy is
passed on to each
trophic level
- # of organisms go
___ as you go up the
pyramid
I. Energy Flow
D.) Biodiversity
- different types of organisms
- Why is high biodiversity important?
Standards
► 3260.2.7
– I can develop a visual display to
compare and contrast primary and
secondary succession in one of Earth’s
major biomes or aquatic habitats.
► 3260.2.8 – I can explain how human
activities such as lawn mowing, gardening,
farming, logging, planting trees, mining,
and urban development advance, halt, or
slow succession.
II. Ecological Succession
Gradual process of change and replacement
of some or all species in a community.
A.) Primary Succession
- occurs where no ecosystem existed before
- rocks, sand dunes, new islands
- very very slow
-
II. Ecological Succession
B.) Secondary Succession
- occurs where an ecosystem previously
existed.
- fires, storms, floods, earthquakes,
volcanoes
Secondary Succession
II. Ecological Succession
C.) Pioneer Species
- first organisms to colonize an area and
make it habitable for other species.
D.) Climax Community
- final and stable community
- may take many many years for this to be
reached
II. Ecological Succession
E.) Explain how the following human activities
advance, halt, or slow succession.
1.) Lawn Mowing
2.) Gardening
3.) Logging
4.) Planting Trees
5.) Mining
6.) Urban Development
Standard
► 3260.2.9
– I can draw and explain diagrams
illustrating each of the following
biogeochemical cycles: water, carbon,
nitrogen, and phosphorous.
III. Cycling of Materials
A.) Water Cycle
1.) Evaporation
2.) Condensation
3.) Precipitation
III. Cycling of Materials
B.) Carbon Cycle
1.) Created
- respiration
- dead stuff
- wastes
- emissions
2.) Used
- photosynthesis
- plants
III. Cycling of Materials
C.) Nitrogen Cycle
- Atmosphere=78% N
- Lightning converts it
into usable nitrates
- Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria
- transform N into
usable form
III. Cycling of Materials
C.) Nitrogen Cycle
- Plants get N from the
soil.
- Animals get N from
eating plant or animals.
- Decomposers: break
down wastes and return
N to soil
III. Cycling of Materials
D.) Phosphorous Cycle
- movement of phosphorous from env. to
organisms and back to env.
- rarely occurs as a gas
III. Cycling of Materials
D.) Phosphorous Cycle
1.) Weather of phosphate from rocks puts it
into the soil
III. Cycling of Materials
D.) Phosphorous Cycle
2.) plants get phosphorous from the soil and
water
III. Cycling of Materials
D.) Phosphorous Cycle
3.) Herbivores get phosphorous from eating
plants
III. Cycling of Materials
D.) Phosphorous Cycle
4.) Carnivores get phosphorous from eating
other animals
III. Cycling of Materials
D.) Phosphorous Cycle
5.) returns to soil as waste product from
animals and when animals die and
decompose
Chapter Review
► Pg.
143-145 (1-26, 28-32)