Transcript DAISIE (D. Roy)

Biological Invasions:
Delivering Alien Invasive Species
Inventories for Europe
David Roy
NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
www.europe-aliens.org
A Cane Toad (Bufo
marinus ), an
Environmental
Disaster
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A Ruddy Duck
An expensive problem
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Bioinvasions in a global context
Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment: Ecosystems and
Human Well-being – Synthesis
2005
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DPSIR Framework
International standard to assess, report and compare environmental threats
DRIVING FORCES
Socioeconomic & sociocultural factors
Exposure of ecosystems to threat
STATES
Condition and trend in ecosystem
IMPACTS
Deviation of system from status quo
www.europe-aliens.org
RESPONSES
PRESSURES
Driving Forces: Economic growth
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Number of alien vetrebrate taxa
Number of alien plant taxa
Hulme 2007
Plants
Fish
Birds
Mammals
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2500
GDP ($ billion)
Socioeconomic driver: Fact or artefact? More to GDP than a single number
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Pressures: frequency of introductions
An indicator on invasive alien species in Europe –
Strategy developed by the SEBI2010 Expert Group
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States: Pan-European alien inventory
Nordic Invasive Species
Network
Baltic Sea Alien Species
Database
European Environment
Agency
CBD
Clearing House Mechanism
International Organisations
European Research Network
on Alien Invasive Species
DAISIE
Global Invasive Species
Programme
Inventory of Invasive Species
ALARM
Assessing large-scale risk &
hazards of invasions
Alter-Net
Use of LTER sites for
invasion monitoring
EU New Instruments
Regional Networks
Atlas of Flora Europaea
Atlas of European Breeding
Birds
European Mammal
Database
Atlas of Amphibians and
Reptiles In Europe
Regional Atlases
Austria
Czech Republic
Eire, Finland
Germany
Netherlands
Poland
Switzerland
Slovenia, UK
National Atlases
15 EU States +
Czech Republic
Cyprus, Estonia
Israel, Lithuania
Malta, Norway
Poland, Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
National Data
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EPIDEMIE (FP5 RTD)
Mapping plant invasions on
Mediterranean islands
LEDA (FP5 RTD)
Plant traits of Northwest
Europe
BALLAST (FP4 CA)
Introductions by ships to
European waters
EU Funded Initiatives
States: expertise, data & distributions
WP6 European Invasive Alien Species Gateway & Inventory
WP2 European Alien
Species Expertise
Registry
Analysis of Naturalisation Rates
Selected Invasive Species Descriptions
WP4 European Invasive
Alien Species
Information System
Review of Invasive Alien Impacts
Main Invasive Species Distributions
Main Invasive Alien Species
WP3 European Alien
Species Database
Invasive Alien Species
National Alien Species Checklists
WP5 Species
Distribution Maps
and Spatial Analysis
Correlates of Invasion Success
WP7 Communication, Data Sharing and Project Dissemination
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European Alien Species Expertise Registry
www.europe-aliens.org
European Alien Species Expertise Registry
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European Alien Invasive Species Gateway
www.europe-aliens.org
www.europe-aliens.org
www.europe-aliens.org
www.europe-aliens.org
DPSIR Framework
International standard to assess, report and compare environmental threats
DRIVING FORCES
Socioeconomic & sociocultural factors
Exposure of ecosystems to threat
STATES
Condition and trend in ecosystem
IMPACTS
Deviation of system from status quo
www.europe-aliens.org
RESPONSES
PRESSURES
States: knowledge base of Europe’s aliens
The DAISIE inventories:
• ~ 10 000 alien species identified
• ~ 40 000 invasion events documented: date,
country, coastline, pathways and vectors,
population status, notes, etc...
• ~ 2200 references
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DAISIE: Mammals
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DAISIE dataset includes records of 428 invasion events occurred in 53
countries
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91 species of alien mammals introduced in the 53 geographical areas
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3 species introduced into Israel not considered => 88 spp
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66 (75%) are not indigenous in Europe, 22 native of at least one
European country
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Number of introduced species per country varies from 1 to 31 (x=8.07,
d.s. 6.46), and number of established species ranges from 1 to 12
(ave=4.9, dev.st. 2.79)
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DAISIE: Donor areas for Mammals
Geographic origin of alien mammals in Europe (n=50 spp established)
Afrotropics
Australian
Native of Europe
Nearctic
Neotropics
Palearctic
Indomalay
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6.9
1.7
31.0
19.0
6.9
27.6
6.9
DAISIE: Temporal trends for Mammals
Invasion events
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DAISIE: Temporal trends for Mammals
N. new spp introduced into Europe
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DAISIE: Temporal trends for Mammals
Invasion rate
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
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DAISIE: Main pathways for Mammals
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
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Accidental transport
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Hunting
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Escape from zoos
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Escape/release from fur farms
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Escape/release of pets
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Fauna “improvement”
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DAISIE: Biogeography of Mammals
Most & least widespread species
Spp with established populations in > 10 countries
50
Extinct
No. of countries
Unknown
40
Not established
Established
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20
10
More important!!
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• 26 spp established in 1 country only;
• 13 with not yet established or unknown populations
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DPSIR Framework
International standard to assess, report and compare environmental threats
DRIVING FORCES
Socioeconomic & sociocultural factors
Exposure of ecosystems to threat
STATES
Condition and trend in ecosystem
IMPACTS
Deviation of system from status quo
www.europe-aliens.org
RESPONSES
PRESSURES
DAISIE: Known ecological and economic
impact by taxonomic and habitat groups
Fungus
Terrestrial plants
Terrestrial invertebrates
Terrestrial mammals
Birds
Aquatic inland
Aquatic marine
Total
Ecological (%)
Economic (%)
83
6135
584
112
172
486
1076
20 (24.1)
841 (13.71)
126 (21.58)
55 (49.11)
46 (26.74)
139 (28.6)
134 (12.45)
25 (30.12)
745 (12.14)
78 (45.35)
67 (59.82)
78 (45.35)
107 (22.02)
114 (10.59)
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DAISIE: Impacts on Ecosystem Services
ECOSYSTEM
SERVICES
PROVISIONING
Food, fuel and fiber
Fresh water
Genetic resources
Biochemicals and medical resources
Ornamental resources
REGULATING
SUPPORTING
Soil formation and retention
Production of atmospheric oxigen
Water cycling
Nutrient cycling
Primary production
Habitat stability
Climate regulation
Air quality
Water regulation and purification
Waste removal
Biological and pest control
Pollination
Disease regulation
Natural hazard protection
Erosion regulation
Bioaccumulation
CULTURAL
Spiritual and religious values
Recreation and ecotourism
Education and inspiration
Sense of place
Cultural diversity and heritage value
Social relations
Knowledge system
Aesthetics
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DAISIE: Impacts on Ecosystem Services
120
100
Supporting
% species
80
Provisioning
60
Regulating
Cultural
40
20
0
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DPSIR Model revisited for invasions
DRIVERS
International Policy
Trade, travel, tourism & transport
National Regulation
Frequency & number of introductions
Regional Assessments
STATES
Established aliens in ecosystems
IMPACTS
Local Management
Biodiversity & Ecosystem function
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RESPONSES
PRESSURES
Conclusions
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Biological invasions are a pan-European problem
EU funding has been targeting invasions
National perspectives and audits only tell part of the story
Need to develop comparable baselines and indicators
Better border biosecurity requires coordinated efforts
Require risk assessment tools that apply to Europe
Mobilise expertise and awareness in EU 25 and beyond
DAISIE provides a tool for policy implementation, including
A. Early warning system
B. Assessment of impacts
C. Targeting management
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Acknowledgements
1. The European Commission, Sixth Framework
Programme for funding the DAISIE project (SSPI-CT2003-511202)
2. Contributors of material used in this presentation
(Bella Galil, Alain Roques, Piero Genovesi, Phillip
Hulme, Montse Vila, Tor-Bjorn Larsson)
3. All the many partners, collaborators and contributors
to the DAISIE project
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