Transcript What are Emergent Properties?

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Final Jeopardy
BiogeocheBiodiversity mical Cycles
Ecosystem
Structure
Energy
Flow
Population
Ecology
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All organisms and nonliving
entities that occur and
interact in a particular area
at the same time. It
includes abiotic and biotic
components. Focuses on
movement of energy and
matter.
What is an
Ecosystem?
1. In cool climate, sunlight
reflects off white surfaces.
2. As climate warms,
sunlight is absorbed where
dark surfaces are exposed.
3. Light absorption speeds
warming, exposing more
dark surfaces.
What is a Positive
Feedback Loop?
System characteristics that
are not evident in the
components alone (the
whole is more than the sum
of the parts).
What are
Emergent
Properties?
Swamp/Marsh, Tropical
Rainforest, and Algal
Beds/Reefs are ecosystems
with the highest levels.
What is Net
Primary
Production?
Computer software used in
landscape ecology research
that analyzes how elements
of a landscape are arranged
and divides landscape into
layers. Helps in planning and
land-use decisions.
What is
Geographic
Informational
System?
The portion of the
fundamental niche that is
actually filled due to
competition or other species’
interactions.
What is a Realized
Niche?
Process by which species use
different resources or use
shared resources in different
ways. For example, birds all
eating insects, but catching
them on different parts of
the tree.
What is Resource
Partitioning?
A phenomenon in which
predators at high trophic
levels indirectly affect
populations at low trophic
levels
What is a Trophic
Cascade?
Community that remains in
place with few changes until
another disturbance restarts
succession
What is a Climax
Community?
Phenomenon that occurs
when air going over a
mountain releases moisture
on one side, creating an arid
region on the other side.
What is the
Rainshadow
Effect?
A set of individuals that share
certain characteristics and
can interbreed, producing
fertile offspring
What is a Species?
The loss of a particular
population, but not the entire
species.
What is
Extirpation?
A loss of ecosystem services,
food sources, tourism,
medicine sources, and
aesthetic/spiritual ties with
nature.
What are effects of
Biodiversity Loss?
The study of the factors
behind the loss, protection,
and restoration of
biodiversity. Integrates
evolution, extinction, ecology,
and environmental systems in
developing solutions.
What is
Conservation
Biology?
Habitat alteration, invasive
species, pollution,
overharvesting, and climate
change.
What are the
primary causes of
Biodiversity loss?
Underground reservoirs of
groundwater found in
spongelike regions of rock
and soil that recharges from
water seeping through soil.
What is an
Aquifer?
The two major processes in
this cycle are: (1)
Photosynthesis by plants,
algae, and cyanobacteria
removes carbon dioxide from
air and water and produces
oxygen and carbohydrates.
(2) Respiration returns
carbon to the air and oceans.
What is the
Carbon Cycle?
Lightning or nitrogen-fixing
bacteria combine (fix)
nitrogen with hydrogen to
form ammonium, which can
be used by plants.
What is Nitrogen
Fixation?
The process by which most
phosphorous is released from
solid rock.
What is
Weathering?
Increases in phytoplankton
growth which results in
eutrophication and hypoxia.
What are the
effects of runoff
from fertilizer
containing
Phosphorus &
Nitrogen?
Graphs that show
that the likelihood
of death varies
with age
What are
Survivorship
Curves?
Physical, chemical, and
biological attributes of the
environment that restrain
population growth such as
space, food, water, mates,
shelter, suitable breeding
sites, temperature, disease,
predators.
What are limiting
factors?
The amount of biologically
productive land and sea
available to us
What is
Biocapacity?
A model of economic and
cultural change that explains
the declining death and birth
rates in industrializing
nations. Populations
undergo four stages (preindustrial, transitional,
industrial, post-industrial).
What is a
Demographic
Transition?
Efforts to control the
number and spacing of
children; the greatest single
factor slowing population
growth. Clinics offer advice,
information, and
contraceptives.
What is Family
Planning?
Make your wager
The percentage
growth rate of the
human population
on planet Earth.
What is 1.14% per
year?