Transcript Chapter 14 Review

Chapter 14 Review
Interactions in Ecosystems
14.1: Habitat and Niche
• Every organism has a habitat and a niche.
• A habitat differs from a niche.
• A habitat is where a species lives.
Example: the habitat of a lion is the
savannah.
• An ecological niche is how a species lives.
• An ecological niche includes food,
temperature, water, and behavior.
14.2: Community Interactions
• Organisms interact as individuals and as
populations.
• Competition and predation are two
important ways in which organisms
interact.
• Symbiosis is a close relationship between
species.
14.2: Community Interactions
• The ways in which organisms interact include
competition, predation, mutualism,
commensalism,and parasitism.
• Competition is when organisms fight each other
for resources. E.g. hyenas fighting lions for
territory.
• Predation is when organisms feed on each
other. E.g. lion eating zebra
• Mutualism is when organisms help each other
so that they both benefit. E.g. gazelle warns
zebra that lion is coming.
14.2: Community Interactions
• Commensalism is when one organism
benefits from another, and the other is not
harmed.
• E.g. barnacle and whale
• Parasitism is when one organism benefits
and the other is harmed.
• E.g. flea and dog, mosquito and human
14.4: Population Growth Patterns
• Populations grow in predictable patterns.
• Changes in a population’s size are
determined by immigration, births,
emigration, and deaths.
• Immigration is the movement of individuals
into a population from another population.
• Emigration is the movement of individuals
out of a population and into another
population.
14.4: Population Growth Patterns
• Population growth is based on available
resources.
• Exponential growth is when a population size
increases dramatically over time because
resources are abundant.
• Ecological factors limit population growth.
• Logistic growth is when the growth of the
population is limited by lack of resources.
• The carrying capacity of an environment is the
maximum number of individuals in a species that
the environment can support.
14.5: Ecological Succession
• Ecological Succession is a process of
change in the species that make up a
community.
• Succession occurs following a disturbance
in an ecosystem.
• Succession is the sequence of biotic
changes that regenerate a damaged
community or create a community in a
previously uninhabited area.
14.5: Ecological Succession
• There are two types of succession:
primary and secondary.
• Primary succession is the establishment
and development of an ecosystem in an
area that was previously uninhabited.
• Secondary succession is the
reestablishment of a damaged ecosystem
in an area where the soil was left intact.