Transcript 3.1 How Changes Occur Naturally in Ecosystems

Before Class Task
 1. Complete Reading Check on page 111 and hand in
 2. Write the answer for the question below on a piece of
paper and hand in with Page 109 activity
 How do all animals adapt to their living environment? (i.e. how
does lion have sharp teeth and strong bite?)
 3. Read activity on page 109 and find ONE partner for the
activity. (For this activity, you will hand in the assignment
ALONE, but you can discuss with a partner)
Test Return
 Ask questions!!!
Chapter 3 Class Schedule
 Feb 27th and Feb 28th: Chapter 3.1 Natural selection and
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adaptation. Adaptation to Aquatic Environment Project page (109)
March 3rd and Mar 4th Chapter 3.1 Primary and secondary
succession. Modeling in Ecosystem Assignment (page 118)
March 5th and March 6th Continue Chapter 3.1 (page 118)
March 7th and March 10th Chapter 3.2 How human influence
ecosystem
March 11th and March 12th How human influence ecosystem
March 13th and March 14th How introduced species affect
ecosystem
April 1st and April 2nd Test Review
April 3rd and April 4th Chapter 3 test
Announcement
 Office Hour: Lunch Time, Room 204. Come to ask me
questions about: assignment due, project, notebook due, and
test date
 Learning Journal Continue for Chapter 3- It is a study note
and you should keep it updated as the class goes
Example: The Finches of the Galapagos Islands (off the coast of Ecuador)
Finches: There are 13 species on the island…
 All the species are descended
from one finch species on the
mainland.
 Each species has unique characteristics
that allows
them to thrive in their own niche, and
not compete with other finches for
resources.
 Adaptive radiation - a form of natural
selection when many different species appear
from one original species.
3.1 How Changes Occur Naturally in
Ecosystems
 Natural selection - process where individuals with advantages are
better able to reproduce and pass along their traits.
 A salmon with a smaller tail may never have a chance to
spawn because it can’t swim to the correct location.
Page 109 Adaptation to Aquatic Envionment
(B)
(A)
(C)
(D)
Conclusion of today
 Why is natural selection and adaptation is important?
 We will use this information to learn how each species
survive in the different stages of the environment and change
the ecosystem in Primary Succession and Secondary
Succession (page 111-119)
Homework
 Read page 111-117
 Reading Check on page 115
 Check Your Understanding question 1 and 9 page 121
 Start to write your note. I will collect them on March 5th
Chapter 3 Class Schedule
 Feb 27th and Feb 28th: Chapter 3.1 Natural selection and







adaptation. Adaptation to Aquatic Environment Project page (109)
March 3rd and Mar 4th Chapter 3.1 Primary and secondary
succession. Modeling in Ecosystem Assignment (page 118)
March 5th and March 6th Continue Chapter 3.1 (page 118)
March 7th and March 10th Chapter 3.2 How human influence
ecosystem
March 11th and March 12th How human influence ecosystem
March 13 and March 14th How introduced species affect ecosystem
April 1st and April 2nd Test Review
April 3rd and April 4th Chapter 3 test
ECOLOGICAL
SUCCESSION
Changes in the biotic
characteristics in an
area over time.
Primary
Succession
Secondary
Succession
1) Steps of Primary Succession
a. Starts with bare rock.
b. Wind carries spores of lichens that can survive
on bare rock.
c. Weathering breaks down rock
 soil begins to form
e.
f.
g.
h.

Pioneer species make/improve soil
other plants can grow
animals appear
form a mature
community (stable
and change slowly)
Pioneer Species are the first organisms to survive and reproduce.

Examples: Lichens and mosses
2. Secondary Succession:
 when an area already has soil, but has had a disturbance

like a forest fire or clearcut.
Happens more quickly
than primary because
there are already
seeds, insects, worms
etc. in the soil.
Disturbances that Might Cause
Secondary Succession
 Flooding
 Leads to soil erosion, spread of pollutants and harmful bacteria
associated with sewage
 Climate change and global warming may be increasing incidents
of flooding.
 A tsunami occurs
when huge waves,
from large earthquakes,
flood coastal areas.
 Drought
 Insect infestation
- Most insects are helpful, but when
normal conditions change,
infestations can occur.
- Example: Mountain Pine Beetle:
Usually it is not a problem…it helps
remove old trees, but….
…in our forests there are a lot of old trees, the climate is
warming, and the bugs are not dying in the winter.
Pine beetle has blue stain fungus in its mouthparts, which it
transmits to the trees (symbiotic relationship).
Fungus slows down resin production on trees so the beetle
can eat the tree more easily.