Transcript Ecosystems
Unit 7: Ecology Left Side Pg # Right Side Pg # Unit Page 34 Table of Contents 35 Levels of Organization 36 C.N. – Ecology Part 1 37 Sources of Energy Tree Map 38 C.N. – Energy Flow 39 Food Chain Activity 40 Food Chain/Web Worksheet 41 Community Interactions Tree Map 42 C.N. – Community Interactions 43 Community Interactions & Succession Chapter 4-2 Community Interactions Community: all the LIVING organisms in an ecosystem that live and interact together 3 types of interactions: 1. Competition 2. Predation (predator/prey) 3. Symbiosis 1. Competition: Interactions where organisms compete for resources water, food, nutrients, light, space, mates Direct competition results in a winner and a loser, with the loser failing to survive. 2. Predation: interactions when one organism captures and feeds on another. Predator (hunter) Prey (gets hunted) 3. Symbiosis: A relationship where two species live closely together. 3 types of symbiosis: Mutualism Commensalism parasitism Types of Symbiosis 1. Mutualism- both individuals benefit from the relationship (++) Ex. Bee & Flower Example: Caterpillars make nectar which the ants drink from, and the acacia tolerates the feeding caterpillars. The ants appear to provide some protection for both plant and caterpillar. Example: The senita cactus, whose flowers bloom only after dark and are pollinated almost exclusively by this senita moth. The moth lays its eggs (top right) in flowers. Larvae (moth caterpillars) which hatch from these eggs later consume some of the fruits. 2. Commensalism: one individual benefits while the other is unaffected (+ 0) Ex: Clown Fish & Sea Anenome 3. Parasitism: one organism benefits while the other is harmed (+ -) Ex: Flea & Dog Apentales are getting their nutrient from the hornworm Ecological Succession Succession: the predictable changes that occur in a community over time. 2 types of Succession: 1. Primary Succession 2. Secondary Succession Primary Succession Occurs on surfaces where no soil exists. Ex: after a volcanic eruption spills lava over land The ecosystem starts from scratch Pioneer Species: 1st species to populate the land Secondary Succession Restoring an ecosystem after a natural disaster or disturbance. Ex: after a fire Climax Community: the stable ecosystem that existed before the disturbance