Transcript Continue Population Management

Population Management
Indirect threats
Florida Panther
Florida Panther Distribution
Panther mortality
Panther Road Sign and Underpass
Wildlife Overpass Banff NP, Canada
Wildlife Overpass Catalonia, Spain
Wildlife Overpass Netherlands
Red Crab Crossing - Australia
Grate at Entrance to Bat Cave
Population management
• Limiting risks to populations
Feral Cat - Galapagos
Feral Cat Trapping
Piping Plover
Piping Plover Breeding Range
Moonstone Beach, RI
Piping Plover Protection
Feral pig in Hawaii Volcanoes
National Park
Pig fence – Hawaii Volcanoes
National Park
Robbin’s Cinquefoil
Robbin’s Cinquefoil Habitat
- White Mountains, New Hampshire
Robbin’s Cinquefoil Protection
Black Locust
Managing vs. Manipulating
Populations
• Managing populations - controlling the
environment (biological and physical) around the
population and trying to ensure that the population
has what it needs to survive in that environment
• Manipulating a population is a more direct
intervention - usually manipulating a population
indicates a high level of human-population
contact, often with humans directly handling the
individuals in the population
Saving Species
“In terms of saving
species, there are no
hopeless cases, there
are only difficult cases
and people without
hope.”
- Michael Soule
Translocations
Often we have to move or translocate population in
order to ensure that they will survive
Translocating populations can happen in two ways:
1. introducing individuals to new sites - to places
where the species did not exist originally
2. Reintroductions - returning organisms to areas
from which they had been extirpated
New Zealand
Giant Weta
Giant Weta And Biologist
Weta as Symbol
Kiwi
Kiwi and egg
Kakapo
Kakapo and Biologist
Another Kakapo and Biologist
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9T1vfsH
YiKY
Takahe
Takahe and chick
Desert Bighorn Sheep
Whitetail Deer
Wild Turkey
Wood Duck
When reintroducing animals, we
have learned that:
1. larger founder populations are more successful
2. habitat suitability is important
3. increased number and sizes of clutches (litters)
enhances success of establishment
4. herbivores are more successfully established than
carnivores
5. competing species in an area may prevent
successful establishment
Reintroductions more successful when:
• organisms are translocated into undegraded
habitat;
• substantial numbers of individuals may be
reintroduced - often many of them over a long
period of time;
• careful husbandry of the species may be required providing food, water or controlling species which
may have a negative effect on the species
Przewalski’s Horse or Takh
Przewalski’s Horse or Takh
Przewalski’s horse reserves –
Mongolia and Uzbekistan
Restoration of desert streams and
fish populations
Before
After
1996 – Montana Wolf
Reintroduction Protest
Yellowstone Wolf Pack Locations
Yellowstone Wolf Pack Locations
Yellowstone Wolf Pack Locations
Yellowstone Wolf
Yellowstone Wolf Prey
Idaho Wolf Release - 1996
Current Wolf Distribution – ID, WY, MT
Wolf Population Growth
Midwestern Wolf Expansion
Wolf Expansion Great Lakes
Wisconsin Wolf Population
Grey Wolf Endangered Species Status
Augmenting populations
• Augmenting populations means adding
extra individuals to an existing population
Desert Tortoise
Desert Tortoise Habitat
Pacific Salmon Species
Peregrine Falcon – British
subspecies - peregrinus
Peregrine Falcon – Alaskan coastal
subspecies - pealei
Peregrine Falcon Range Map
Ecosystem Management And
Preservation
Ecosystem Preservation
– Boreal Forests, etc.
Semi-Natural Ecosystems
• Ecosystems that have
been modified by
some human activities
such as logging,
fishing and grazing
but which are still
dominated by native
species
Early Conservation Efforts
• 3000 YA – Ikhnaton
sets aside land for
game preserve
• Asoka – 272-232 BCE
declared some animals
can’t be killed, forests
not burned
Modern National Parks – Yellowstone
N.P. - 1872
Hayden survey of Yellowstone – 1870
Yellowstone National Park –
Army Bike Patrol
Reserves
• Reserves – any natural or semi-natural
ecosystem that is protected from most
forms of human use - however, we must
remember that reserves go by several
different names - national parks, refuges,
national monuments, national wilderness
areas, preserves and more
Reserve Selection
Reserves are developed by a variety of mechanisms:
1. Government action – usually at a national level, but may
happen at regional or local level as well
2. Land purchases by private individuals and conservation
organizations (such as The Nature Conservancy)
3. Actions of indigenous peoples and traditional societies
4. Development of biological field stations – usually
combine biodiversity protection and research with
education
Grand Canyon
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge
Houston Toad
The Nature Conservancy – active
since 1951 in the US
Nature Reserves Managed by native
people – Arnheim land, Australia
Biological field stations as Reserves
Creating Preserves
Creating new reserves requires the following steps:
1. Identifying priorities for conservation
2. Determining those areas of each country that
should be protected to meet conservation
priorities
3. Linking new protected areas to existing
conservation networks, using techniques such as
gap analysis
Setting Priorities
1. Distinctiveness (or irrereplaceability) – an
ecosystem that consists of primarily rare or
endemic species or that has other unusual
attributes (scenic value, geological features) is
given highest priority
2. Endangerment (or vulnerability) – species in
danger of extinction are of greater concern than
those that are not
3. Utility – species that have present or potential
value to people are given more conservation
priority than species of no obvious use to people
Distinctive Ecosystem – Peat Bogs
Rarity – European Bison
aka Wisent
European Bison Distribution
Light green – Holocene range; Dark green – late Middle Ages;
Red – current distribution
Utility – wild apple Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan Apple Region circled