Transcript Wildlife Laws

Lacey Act of 1900
• prohibits transporting live/dead wild
animals or their parts across state borders
w/out federal permit
Lacey Act of 1900
• Implementation: civil/criminal penalties for violations
Pros:
– one of the broadest and most comprehensive forces in
the federal arsenal to combat wildlife crime
– Makes falsification of documents for wildlife trade
illegal
Cons:
– Hard to regulate (spottier than a leopard)
– Original act only applied to birds/wild game
National Marine Sanctuary
and Protection Act
• Authorizes Secretary of commerce to designate
as National Marine Sanctuaries those areas of the
marine environment that are deemed of national
significance
National Marine Sanctuary
and Protection Act
• Implementation: Secretary conducts research to
determine which areas are sanctuary-worthy
• Pros:
– gives priority to areas with important conservation,
recreation, ecological esthetic values
– Increases public awareness through educational programs
• Cons:
– Controversy in deciding which areas are nationall
significant
– no limit to amount of sanctuaries that can be designated
Anadromous Fish Act of
1965
• provided funding for restoration, enhancement,
and management of anadromous fish
• address the growing concerns over salmon and
herring populations throughout the country
Anadromous Fish Act of
1965
• Implementation: provided funds primarily to the U.S.,
with federal oversight, to culture and stock fish in an effort
to rebuild depleted stocks of marine and anadromous fish
• Pros:
– Requires that an individual or gov’t agency provide prior
notice to obtain permit approval from OHMP to construct
a hydraulic project or use, divert, obstruct, pollute, or
change the natual flow of a specified anadromous water
body
• Cons:
– Permit application time may be lengthy
Marine Mammal Protection Act
• This act was put into effect because certain species of marine
mammals are in danger of extinction as a result of human growth and
expansion
• These species of marine mammals should not be permitted to diminish
beyond the point at which they cease to be a significant functioning
element in the ecosystem of which they are a part.
• Further measures should be immediately taken to replenish any species
or population stock which has already diminished below that
population.
• Efforts should be made to protect essential habitats, including the
rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance for each
species of marine mammal from the adverse effect of man's actions.
Marine Mammal Protection Act
• Secretary is permitted to enforce such laws and is
allowed to use federal agencies in doing so.
• Judges may issue warrants to those who are
believed to be violating the act
• Illegal cargo may be seized, violators may be
arrested.
• Cargo that is seized shall be held by the courts and
the violators will face a court hearing and are
subject to fines and possibility of imprisonment
based upon the severity of the crime.
Pittman Robertson Act
• Also known as, Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration
act and approved by Congress on September 2,
1937, and begin functioning July 1, 1938
• It provides funding for the selection, restoration,
rehabilitation and improvements of wildlife habitat,
wildlife management research
• This Act was amended October 23, 1970, to include
funding for hunter training programs and the
development, operation and maintenance of public
target ranges.
• It is initiated by hunters and conservationists.
Pittman Robertson Act cont.
• It puts an excise tax of 11% on all sporting arms,
ammunition, and archery equipment that is paid by hunters.
• The law has been amended twice in 1970 10% tax was added
onto hand guns. 2 years later 11% tax was added to archery
equipment.
• The tax pays for research and habitat work that benefits
hundreds of species of wildlife.
• It provides aid to Puerto Rico, Guam, America Samoa, the
Northern Mariana Islands and the Virgin Islands for wildliferestoration projects.
National Wildlife Refuge
System Administration Act
By: Nicole P and Ashley S.
National Wildlife Refuge System
Administration Act
• National Wildlife Refuge System Administration Act of 1966
• Ensures that the National Wildlife Refuge System is managed as
a national system of related lands, waters, and interests for the
protection and conservation of our Nation's wildlife resources
• Provides guidelines and directives for administration and
management of all areas in the system, including wildlife
refuges, areas for the protection and conservation of fish and
wildlife that are threatened with extinction, wildlife ranges,
game ranges, wildlife management areas, or waterfowl
production areas
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
[CITES] – 1975
• An agreement signed between 145 countries to ensure
that international trade of wildlife animals and plants do
not threaten their survival
• Trade includes live animals and plants, also
includes products derived from them (food, leather,
instruments)
• Lists 700 endangered or threatened species that
cannot be commercially traded as live specimens
or wildlife products
CITES
• CITES require that all import, export, re-export and
introduction from the sea of species listed by the
Convention has to be authorized through a licensing
system.
CONS:
PROS:
• Protect 700 endangered • Low enforcement
• Convicted violators often pay
or threatened species
only small fines
• Countries that signed CITES
can exempt themselves from
protecting any listed species
CITES Secretariat (2004). CITES. Retrieved on May 02, 2004, from CITES website: http://www.cites.org/index.html.
Miller, Tyler Jr. (2001). Environmental Science Eight Edition: Brook/Coles Publisher.
Migratory Bird Conservation
Act
• This Act establishes a Migratory Bird Conservation Commission to
approve areas of land or water recommended by the Secretary of the
Interior for acquisition as reservations for migratory birds.
Consultation with state and local government is required prior to
acquisition.
• The official responsible for the administration of a state's game laws,
or his representative, shall be an ex officio member of the commission
for the purpose of considering and voting on questions relating to the
acquisition of areas in that state.
• The Migratory Bird Conservation Fund is established to acquire lands
for conservation, to maintain acquired lands for habitat preservation,
and for any expenses necessary for the administration development,
and maintenance of such areas including construction of dams, dikes,
ditches, spillways, and flumes for improving habitat, and mitigating
pollution threats to waterfowl and migratory birds.