Transcript Arctic Ocean Diversity ArcOD Regional focus – three environments

Arctic Ocean Diversity ArcOD
Regional focus – three environments:
biodiversity in the Arctic sea ice, water column
and sea floor from the shallow shelves to the
deep basins
Strategy:
Compilation of existing
data, taxonomic
identification of existing
samples, new
collections focusing on
taxonomic & regional
gaps.
Global Scope of Project
- Pan-Arctic
- Across realms
- Protists,
Invertebrates &
Fish
- recent
extension into
sub-Arctic
- Comparison
to CAML
2007 Scientific Results Tidbits
Linking diversity to ecosystem
functioning: 3 current examples
(unpubl.)
-16
14
-17
d 13C
-18
14 15
12 13
11
-19
-20
-21
-22
D13C
6.4
10
7 8 9
12 13 15
3 6 7 8 11
4 10 9
2 5
D13C
3.2
1
56
34
2
Linkages between habitats: ice
algae control light (Gradinger in
press)
-23
-24
1
-25
St. 6
ACW
St. 10
AW
Comparing ecosystem structure –
environment (Iken et al.)
More than presence data needed
GIS modeling based on ArcOD
data: Metridia longa, Rutzen et al.
2007 Scientific Results
Biological implications of Arctic warming
Immigration of new species
Abundance total amphipods
Refugia for Arctic taxa
Changes on community
level
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
Sirenko et al.
0
Bottom Bottom Ridge
floe
ridge
side
Top
ridge
Gradinger, Iken, Bluhm in prep
Sirenko et al.
Gradinger, Iken, Bluhm
Grebmeier et al. 2006
Arctic Diversity
Current inventory
invertebrates: ~ 5,000
fishes: ~ 400
microalgae: >400
macroalgae: ~? (NAGISA)
New species
Discovered in ArcOD: ~ 30
To be discovered: few macro,
several meio, many micro
New species
New species
Distribution
Euaugaptilus hyperboreus
Origin of species:
Pacific - Atlantic - Arctic/
endemisms?
Least known
regions/urgent
questions:
Diversity of deep sea
regions AND
Change of ranges as a
result of climate
change and variability
Kosobokova et al. 2007
Abundance/Biomass
Pigment content (mg/m2)
There is no such thing as THE
Arctic:
- Strong gradients on all trophic
levels in all habitats
- Great variability within shelves &
basins
- Less known: gradients at central
ridges, seeps?
Chukchi Shelf
350
Grebmeier et al. 2006
Slope
phaeo (mg/m2)
chl (mg/m2)
300
250
200
150
100
Kolga hyalina Chukchi Cap, MacDonald et al. in prep
50
0
Spring 2002
Gradinger in press
Steps Toward Project Synthesis
- understand linkages between small-scale /
intermediate structure and species/community
- capture full range of abundance & distribution e.g.:
sea ice pressure ridges, sea floor depressions,
ocean fronts (global phenomenon)
o
Temperatureo( C)
Latitude N
67.2
0
67.4
67.6
67.8
68
68.2
5.5
-10
Depth (m)
4.5
-20
3.5
-30
2.5
-40
1.5
-50
0.5
-0.5
Bluhm et al. in press
Combine community analysis
GIS modeling
Steps Toward Realm Synthesis
Data integration (ongoing):
- Collaboration on pan-Arctic scale
- joint data base
- input through minigrant process
Metridia longa, Rutzen et al.
Kosobokova et al. 2007
Final product: Manuscripts (Special issue in 2008/09),
symposia (2009), book (2010)
Data Synthesis Arctic – Antarctic
Synthesis approach in book project
Services of a habitat and its
associated flora and fauna for all
stakeholders
Book about sea ice services to be published in 2008/2009
- Heat budget, coastal erosion, oceanography
-Native subsistence hunt
-Biodiversity
-Beauty (Tourism)
-Resource exploration
-Will have DVD with video clips produced by group of arts
students joining us in the field
Visualization & Communication
Iconic graph:
Prognostic biodiversity
modeling based on Arctic
warming impacts
aim: identify regions of
maximum likelihood of
diversity change
Similar to: ACIA 2005
report
Visualization & Communication
What are 1-2 additional “iconic” graphics
summarizing the work of your project or realm
that might be considered for the 2010
Synthesis?
- Map of current Arctic diversity patterns
-Map of sampling effort in the Arctic
-Map all ship tracks ever conducting
scientific sampling in the Arctic
Science Impact
3 major scientific achievements of
your project
- species data from past and current
Arctic marine research projects incl.
IPY made available
- improved taxonomy of Arctic groups
(Publication of taxonomic keys)
- Student training
New species
Expected Societal Impact
Baselines for
… climate warming
… oil and gas exploration
… opening of shipping
routes
… ALL stakeholders
Project Data Available in OBIS
The ArcOD data legacy:
GBIF/AOOS records: 20570
OBIS records: 3238
How much of that is new this year? Almost all
Total records available one year from now: >80,000
Species and depth coverage of the data.
Nearshore to >3000 m
Fishes, zoobenthos, zooplankton, sea ice fauna
To come: phytoplankton, sea ice algae (>20,000 records)
Education & Outreach
Ocean Hall
2008
IPY calendar
Paintings,
seminars,
Images,
Student
training
Next Steps
Until 2009: continue current data production
2009/2010: Pan-Arctic Analysis as outlined before
Beyond 2010: Establish and continue biological monitoring of
Arctic seas on Pan-Arctic scale – involve ALL stakeholders
Phytoplankton
Ice
algae
Phytoplankton
Ice
algae
Sea birds
Zooplankton
Zooplankton
Minke
Bowhead
Diving ducks
Benthos
Walrus
Gray whale
Bearded seal
Demersal fish
Pelagic fish
Benthos
Modified from Carroll and Carroll 2003
Biological Monitoring Effort in Europe
Limits to Knowledge
Limits: Same old story:
vastness of area,
inaccessibility (logistical,
political), current focus on
processes, lack of taxonomists
Solutions: Barcoding,
disappearing summer sea ice,
ice breakers, ocean observing
systems, imaging techniques,
Involve public and industry
Acknowledgments
• Funding: DFG, NOAA, NSF, RAS,
Sloan F, and others
• Photo credit: Bluhm, Gradinger,
Hopcroft, Iken, Raskoff,
Rogacheva, ROV Global Explorer