Transcript Species Interactions in Biological Communities

Species Interactions in
Biological Communities
Community
• Several different species interacting in the
same geographic area
• Types of Interactions
• Competition
• Predation
• Symbiosis
Interactions
• 2 Types of Competition
• Intra-specific Competition
• Competition between organisms of the same
species
• Inter-specific Competition
• Competition between organisms of different
species
Competition
• Example of Inter-specific Competition
• Competitive Exclusion
• Two species so similar in requirements that the
same resource limits both species’ growth & 1
species may succeed over the other
• Paramecium Study
Interactions
• Predation
• Interaction in which 1 organism eats another
• Predator = Hunter
• Prey = Hunted
• Predator/Prey Adaptations
* Camouflage
* Hunt in pack
* Acute senses
* Mimicry
* Body Modifications:
• Claws, teeth, fangs, stingers
* Chemical Defenses- Thorns, venom
Physical adaptations
Body structures that allow an
animal to find and consume food,
defend itself, and to reproduce its
species.
Physical adaptations
help an animal survive in
its environment.
© A. Weinberg
Physical adaptation
Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding)
The chameleon can change its color to match its surroundings.
Physical adaptation
Mimicry
(looking or sounding like another living organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the Monarch butterfly.
Can you tell them apart?
I’m the Viceroy!
Not poisonous
Poisonous
I’m the Monarch!
Physical adaptation
Chemical defenses (like venom, ink, sprays)
Physical adaptations
Body coverings & parts (claws, beaks, feet, armor plates, skulls,
teeth)
The elephant’s trunk is a physical adaptation that helps it to clean
itself, eat, drink, and to pick things up.
Interactions
• Symbiotic Relationships
• Close interaction between species in which 1 of the
species lives in or on the other
• 3 Main Types
• Parasitism
• Parasite obtains its food at the expense of a host
• Mutualism
• Both organisms benefit from the relationship
• Commensalism
• 1 organism benefits while the other organism is neither
harmed nor helped