Transcript APES Quick Questions

APES Review
Chapters 3-4
Producer, 1° Consumer, 2°
Consumer, 3º Consumer,
Decomposer?
 Alfalfa in a meadow
 Fungi secreting enzymes in fallen tree
 Coyote capturing herbivorous mouse
Carbon, Nitrogen, Sulfur,
Phosphorus, Water
 Which 2 cycles are most associated with
inorganic fertilizer and sewage waste?
 In which 2 are humans affecting the natural
greenhouse effect?
 Which 2 are directly related to acid
deposition?
All species interacting with one
another and their nonliving
environment?
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Habitat
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Which is NOT an organism?
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Monarch butterfly
Trapdoor spider
Nucleus of a cell
American elm
Orchid
Which is the least inclusive
group?
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Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Life on Earth depends on 3
interconnected factors.
Name them.
Most of the solar energy that
passes through the atmosphere
 Is degraded into longer wavelength infrared
radiation
 Is converted to gamma radiation
 Is deflected off hard surfaces
 Is absorbed by the ozone
 Is absorbed by organisms
Which is NOT true of the
Greenhouse Effect?
 It is vital to continued life on Earth asw e
know it
 It helps warm the troposphere
 It is caused by the interaction of gaseous
molecules that are excited by IR
 It can be affected by the concentrations of
the atmospheric gases.
Which of the following is a
limiting factor for a grassland
biome?
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Number of species
Species of the grass
Size of the population
Number of organisms
Amount of precipitation
The % of usable energy
transferred as biomass from one
trophic level to another is
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Energy flow
Gross primary productivity
Ecological efficiency
Biological diversity
Range of tolerance
Deforestation in the tropical
rainforest biome reduces
transpiration and therefore changes
local climate by affecting the
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Nitrogen cycle
Water cycle
Phosphorus cycle
Sulfur cycle
Carbon cycle
Pyramid energy flow has only a 10%
efficiency, while 90% of the energy is
lost as heat.
This is explained by the
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Law of limiting factors
Law of conservation of matter
First Law of Thermodynamics
Greenhouse effect
Second Law of Thermodynamics
Name the 5 processes involved in
the N2 Cycle.
 Nitrogen Fixation (lightning, industry, bacteria- N2
to NH3/NH4 for uptake by plants)
 Ammonification (bacteria change waste into NH3)
 Nitrification (NH3 to NO2, NO3 --used by plants)
 Assimilation (plants make proteins)
 Denitrification (bacteria decay NH3/NH4 into
NO2/NO3 into N2--occurs in water ocean, lakes,
bogs)
Which of the following
statements about the C cycle is
true?
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CO2 gas makes up 36% of troposphere.
H2 and N2 cycle almost in step with C.
CO2 may react with seawater to from CO and CH4
CO2 may form carbonate ions upon reacting with
seawater ( after dissolving in water)
 CO2 gas shows increased solubility in water when
temperature increases
Which of the following has the
least direct effect on terrestrial
ecosystems?
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Temperature
Dissolved oxygen
Precipitation
Nature of the soil
Amount of plant nutrients in the soil
What are the 2 major ways
humans have impacted the C
cycle?
 Deforestation (How does this impact?)
 Burning fossil fuels (How does this
impact?)
 What effect is this having on the climate?
Which ecological pyramid can’t
be inverted?
 Numbers pyramid  Biomass pyramid  Energy pyramid -.
Net Primary Productivity
A. is rate at which producers manufacture chemical
energy through photosynthesis
B. is the rate at which producers use chemical energy
through respiration
C. is rate of photosynthesis plus rate of respiration
D. can be thought of as basic food source for
decomposers in an ecosystem
E. is rate of plant biomass production through
photosynthesis minus energy used for plant
respiration
Which is true? 1, 2, or all 3?
 Longer food chains have greater net
primary productivity than shorter ones
 Shorter food chains support a much smaller
number of organisms than longer ones
 Longer food chains experience a greater
loss of usable energy than do shorter food
chains
Which are necessary for
evolution of a population by
natural selection?
 Trait must be heritable (must have genetic
basis)
 Must be variability for trait in the
population
 Must be equivalent reproductive success
with all individuals of population.
Why is protecting keystone
species a key goal of many
conservation biologists?
 They are economically beneficial
 They are critical to human survival
 They play critical ecological roles in the
community
 They are endangered species
 They are exciting to study
Biodiversity is measured by
using
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Genetic diversity
Species diversity
Ecosystem diversity
Functional diversity
 1, 2, 3, or all 4?
Natural selection occurs when
individuals of a population have
various adaptations which lead to
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Differential reproduction
Survival of the strongest
Mutations
Background extinction
Geographic isolation
Broad niches are characteristic of
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Generalist species
Extinct species
Natural species
Competitive species
Specialist species
Speciation can occur through
 Geographic isolation
 Background extinction
 Reproductive isolation
1, 2, or all 3?
An example of current evolution
by natural selection is
 Skeletal remains in fossil records
 Genetic resistance of some strains of
bacteria to antibiotics
 Human opposable thumbs
 Plate tectonics
 Climate change
The current scientific estimation
of how long life has been on
Earth is
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4.5 million years
600 million years
3.7 billion years
500 billion years
7 trillion years
Species can become extinct by
which of the following
mechanisms?
 Background extinction
 Artificial selection
 Mass depletion
1, 2, or all 3?
A species ecological niche is
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Where it lives
Its pattern and role in the ecosystem
Its place on the trophic pyramid
Its genetic resistance
a measure of evenness
Some specialist species provide
early signs that ecosystems are
changed or damaged
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Foundation species
Indicator species
Keystone species
Non-native species
Endemic species (native to one area only)
According to the theory of island
biogeography, what features most affect
the equilibrium of immigration and
extinction?
 Island size and distance from the mainland
 Island size and climate
 Ocean currents and distance from the
mainland
 Island size and mutation rate
Species Diversity
 Is a combination of species richness and
evenness
 Is a combination of genetic diversity and
biodiversity
 Is the ability of a species to adapt to
changing environmental conditions
 Is a measure of breadth of a niche
Species richness is
 The abundance of individuals with a species
 The number of different species within a
community
 The amount of food types a species
consumes
 The diversity of species within a
community
Which has the highest number of
species?
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Tropical rainforest
Short-grass prairie
Savannah
Boreal forest
Temperate forest
Native, Invasive, Foundation,
Keystone or Indicator Species?
 Trout require clean water with high DO so their
presence tells us that these conditions are present
in the stream. Trout are _____
 Zebra mussels move from one water system to the
other on boat hulls. They then take over niches
from local species and change ecosystems. Zebra
mussels are ______
 American alligators dig depressions which act as
sparse watering holes during the dry season of the
Everglades. They are _____