Transcript No Slide Title - Fairfield Faculty

Mon.
Tues.
Wed.
Thurs.
Week of
Sept. 29
Wet outdoor lab – wear closed-toed shoes
Fri.
Oct. 3
Exam 1
Week of
Oct. 6
Indoor lab – bring calculator
Week of
Oct. 13
No labs – Fall Break
Week of
Oct. 20
Wet, muddy outdoor lab – wear closed-toed shoes
1
Outline for organisms
Introduction and review of adaptation
What do organisms need to survive
and reproduce?
How do organisms cope with variability?
-example of variability
in food resources
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optimal foraging theory – organisms will forage
in a way that maximizes energy intake per time
while minimizing risk
In lab – had to forage in way that maximized
bean capture and minimized getting tagged by
predator
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Central place foraging
- bigger area, more food
- bigger area, more travel time
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Figure 9.16
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Figure 9.17
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Do starlings forage optimally?
Figure 9.18
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Risk-sensitive foraging
- balancing benefit of food with
cost of predation
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Should an organism risk predation to forage in
an area with a lot of food?
Figure 9.19
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1. Which of the following biomes have water deficits during the
growing season?
a. tundra
b. desert
c. woodland/shrubland (chaparral)
d. both b and c
2. Only one of the following lists correctly ranks four terrestrial
biomes from most to least productive. Which is it?
a. tropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest, savanna, tundra
b. tropical rain forest, temperate seasonal forest, tundra, savanna
c. temperate seasonal forest, tropical rain forest, tundra, savanna
d. temperate seasonal forest, tropical rain forest, savanna, tundra
e. temperate seasonal forest, savanna, tropical rain forest, tundra
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3. Of the following types of adaptations, which is/are reversible?
a. developmental
b. behavioral
c. physiological
d. both a and c
4. On an island off the east coast of central Africa, wind blows over
the Indian Ocean from the east and then goes over a tall mountain
range that runs from north to south down the length of the island. As
a result,
a. tropical seasonal forests occur on the east side of the island, and
tropical rainforests occur on the west.
b. tropical rainforests occur on both sides of the island.
c. tropical rainforests occur on the east side of the island, and
tropical seasonal forests occur on the west.
d. tropical seasonal forests occur on the east side of the island, and
woodland/shrublands occur on the west.
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5. Which of the following systems has the most clearly defined
boundaries?
a. organism
b. population
c. community
d. ecosystem
e. all of the above have clearly defined boundaries
6. Which of the following phenomenon triggers an ENSO (El NiñoSouthern Oscillation) event?
a. development of an unusually cold high-pressure air mass in the
Antarctic region
b. a volcanic eruption, which cools global climate by several degrees
Celsius
c. reversal of high and low pressure areas in the equatorial central
Pacific Ocean
d. any of the above can trigger an ENSO event.
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7.The formulation of hypotheses represents a critical step in the
scientific process. In the simplest terms, what is a hypothesis?
a. an explanation
b. an experiment
c. an observation
d. a proven fact
8. Coral reefs can be found on the southeast coast of the United
States but not at similar latitudes on the southwestern coast.
Differences in which of the following most likely account for this?
a. sunlight
b. salinity
c. day length
d. ocean currents
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9.
Many populations of different species living in the same
place make up an ecological __________.
10.
The earth's atmosphere circulates in massive belts, three
each in the northern and southern hemispheres. These belts
account for some climate variability and are referred to as
__________.
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Structure of course
Environmental variability
Organisms
Ecosystems
Populations
Species interactions
Communities
Applied Ecological Issues
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Outline for ecosystems
Introduction
How does energy move through an ecosystem?
How does matter move through an ecosystem?
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Ecosystem – communities of organisms and
the physical and chemical components of their
environment
Ecosystem approach – focus is on movement
of energy and matter through different
compartments of ecosystems
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Questions asked by ecosystem ecologists
How productive are ecosystems? What
controls their productivity?
How are primary and secondary productivity
related?
How are nutrients transformed and cycled in
ecosystems?
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Ecosystem services / ecosystem functions
-processes carried out in ecosystems that
benefit humans
- e.g., food production, nutrient regeneration,
degradation of pollutants, erosion control
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Ecosystem Management
- process of sustaining ecosystems, their
processes, and the services they provide
for future generations
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Ecosystem Management
1. People must manage ecosystems
2. Ecosystem processes and services can
be reasonably self-sustaining under some
but not all management regimes.
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Figure 6.3
= energy lost
Net production
Gross
production
Biomass = stored energy
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Figure 6.8
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Net photosynthetic efficiency = percentage of
energy from sunlight that is converted to net
primary production.
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