Transcript Ecological Footprint

Ecology Power Point
Ecology Power Point
A. Environment- the sum total of our surroundings, including all of the
living things and nonliving thing with which we interact.
A.
B.
C.
Biotic Factors- living things (plants, animals, bacteria, algae…)
Abotic Factors- non living things (soil, water, sunlight, air, minerals, temperature)
What do we rely on the environment for, as humans?
*air, water, food, shelter, and everything else essential for living
B. Environmental Science- the study of how the natural-world work,
how our environment affects us, and how we affect our
environment.
C. Ecology- the study of interactions between organisms and their
ecosystems
A.
Ecological Footprint- the expresses the environmental impact of an individual
or population in terms of the cumulative amount of land and water required
to provide raw materials the person or populations consumes and dispose of
or recycle the waste the population or person produce.
Ecological Footprint
•Earth’s population has QUADRUPLED in the past 100 years
•From 1995-2006, 6 billion to 6.5 billion
•78 million people are added to this planet every year
•Over 200,000 a day!
•We have converted half of the planet’s land surface for
agriculture
•Since the industrial revolution, carbon dioxide risen by 31%
Activity: Analyzing Ecological Footprints
Ecological Footprint for the United
States
Levels of study ecology
A. Biosphere- the parts of the
earth where living things are
found
B. Ecosystem- all of the living
and nonliving things found in
an area
C. Community-a group of
different species that live in
the same area
D. Population- a group of
organisms of the same species
that live in the same area
E. Organism-a living thing; one
of many different forms of life
smallest
largest
The movement of energy through an ecosystem can be shown in
diagrams called:
A. Food web
B. Food chain
 The more accurate and realistic
 Is a more simplistic series of events in
approach to demonstrate how
which on organism eats another and
elements and energy are
obtains energy
transferred.
 A linkage to show who eats who…
 Demonstrated in many over lapping
 Energy, essential elements and
food chains in one ecosystem
compounds are transferred
Trophic Levels
A.
Producers- produce their own food
(plants, algae)
B. Primary Consumers- herbivores that eat
the producers
C. Secondary Consumers- small carnivores
D. Tertiary Consumers- large predators
Other parts of food webs:
a. omnivore- consumes plants and animals
b. Scavenger- is a carnivore that feeds on
bodies of dead organisms
c.
Decomposers-organisms that break down
wastes and dead organisms and return
raw materials to the environment.
 Energy for organisms is obtained
based on what they eat.
The most energy is available at the producer
level of an energy pyramid, as you move up, less
energy is available.
Only about 10% of energy at one level is
transferred to the next higher level
Heterotrophic- food from eating
Autotrophic- makes on food
A. Niche: the fundamental role of a species in a community. (ecological role)
a.
b.
Fundamental niche: full niche/role of a species, with no competitors, (an organism can exploit its
full fundamental niche)
Realized niche: a partial role because of competition or other species interactions (when
competition restrict the organism from exploiting its niche)
B. Predation: the process by which individuals of one species, a predator, hunt,
capture, kill, and consume individuals of another species (prey).
a.
Predation has evolutionary ramifications…examples?
b. Predation plays a huge role in population dynamics..examples?
Ex; Zebra Mussel predation on phytoplankton- mussels have reduced plankton up to 90% in Great lakes
and Chesapeake Bay . Causes changes to the food webs, causes biomass to decrease.
C.
Mutualism-a relations hip in which two or more species benefit from the
interaction (one provides resource, other provides a service) Examples?????
A.
Symbiosis- a parasitic or mutual relationship of organisms that live very close together.
D. Invasive Species- a non-native organism that spreads widely and becomes
dominant in a community. Examples??????
–
–
E.
Usually introduced by people either on purpose or by accident
Spread widely due to loss of THEIR limiting factors (predators, water shortage…)
Keystone Species- a species that has a particularly strong influence or far-reaching
impact.
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Some species have a greater influence than othersu sually top of the food chain carnivores
Examples:
Wolves, mountain lions, birds of prey
Ecological Succession- a stereotypical
series of changes in the composition
and structure of an ecological
community through time
Two Types of Succession:
A. Primary Succession- follows a disturbance
so severe that no vegetation or soil life
remains from the community that occupied
the site
•
A biotic community completely from
scratch
•
Usually bare rock is exposed and soil
is just beginning to form
•
What are some examples????
•
Dried up lakes, glaciers, lava…
B. Secondary Succession- begins when a
disturbance dramatically alters an existing
community BUT does not destroy all things
or all organic matter in the soil (the building
blocks are present to rebuild)
•
Examples????
•
Fires, volcanoes, human
destruction….
C. Pioneer Species- the species that arrive first
to colonize, are well-adapted for
colonization
•
Examples???
•
Lichens, algae,
Ecological Succession
Primary
Secondary
Biomes of the
World
Working together
and using your
textbook, complete
the Data table on
Biomes and label
the regions on the
map provided. Be
detailed and
specific