Transcript Acid Base
Acids Lesson 4 Acid and Base Reactions Conductivity The conductivity of an acid is determined by the number of ions generated in a solution and is therefore a combination of both the strength and concentration of the acid. 1.0 M HCl is a better conductor than 0.10 M HCl 1.0 M HI is a better conductor than 1.0 M HF. 1.0 M HF has the same conductivity as 0.02 M HCl. The same is true for a base. 0.004 M NaOH has the same conductivity as 1.0 M NH3 Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic PO43- Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic PO43HPO42- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+ Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+ HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+ H2PO4- Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+ HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+ H2PO4- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+ H3PO4 Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic PO43- Base can gain H+, cannot lose H+ HPO42- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+ H2PO4- Amphiprotic can gain H+and lose H+ H3PO4 Acid cannot gain H+, can lose H+ Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic CO32- Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic CO32HCO3- Base Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic CO32- Base HCO3- Amphiprotic H2CO3 Amphiprotic Chemical Species Amphiprotic chemical species can act as acids and donate protons or bases and accept protons. They are listed both on the left side of the table as an acid and the right side as a base. Acid, Base, or Amphiprotic CO32- Base HCO3- Amphiprotic H2CO3 Acid In Chemistry 11 H2SO4 + 2KOH In Chemistry 11 H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2HOH(l) In Chemistry 11 H2SO4 + 2H+ + SO42- 2KOH K2SO4 + 2HOH(l) In Chemistry 11 H2SO4 + 2KOH 2H+ + SO42- + 2K+ + 2OH- K2SO4 + 2HOH(l) In Chemistry 11 H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H+ + SO42- + 2K+ + 2OH- 2K+ + 2HOH(l) SO42- + In Chemistry 11 H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H+ + SO42- + 2K+ + 2OH- 2K+ + 2HOH(l) SO42- + 2HOH(l) In Chemistry 11 H2SO4 + 2KOH K2SO4 + 2H+ + SO42- + 2K+ + 2OH- 2K+ + H+ + OH- 2HOH(l) SO42- HOH(l) Use an arrow if you have a strong acid or a strong base! Strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts are ionized! + 2HOH(l) In Chemistry 12 H2C2O4 + 2KOH In Chemistry 12 H2C2O4 + 2KOH K2C2O4 + 2HOH(l) In Chemistry 12 H2C2O4 + 2KOH H2C2O4 + 2K+ + 2OH- 2K+ + K2C2O4 + 2HOH(l) C2O42- + 2HOH(l) In Chemistry 12 H2C2O4 + 2KOH H2C2O4 + 2K+ + 2OH- 2K+ + H2C2O4 + 2OH- K2C2O4 + 2HOH(l) C2O42- + 2HOH(l) C2O42- + 2HOH(l) The weak acid or base does not dissociate! Break up strong acids, strong bases, and soluble salts! Conductivity Good Conductors Weak Conductors Nonconductors Strong Acids Strong Bases Soluble Salts HCl NaOH KCl Weak Acids Weak Bases Low Solubility Salts HF Zn(OH)2 AgCl Molecular covalent C12H22O11 In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4- + HCO3- ⇋ In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4- + HCO3- ⇋ Look up the two amphiprotic ions on the left side of the acid chart. The higher one is the stronger acid and will be the acid and donate a proton to the base. In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. H+ HC2O4+ HCO3⇋ Acid Base Look up the two amphiprotic ions on the left side of the acid chart. The higher one is the stronger acid and will be the acid and donate a proton to the base. In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4Acid + HCO3Base ⇋ C2O42- + H2CO3 In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4Acid + HCO3- ⇋ C2O42- + H2CO3 Base Label the acid and base on the other side of the equation. You do this by considering which species will donate the proton in the reverse reaction. In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4Acid + HCO3- ⇋ C2O42- H+ + H2CO3 Base Label the acid and base on the other side of the equation. You do this by considering which species will donate the proton in the reverse reaction. In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4Acid + HCO3Base ⇋ C2O42Base H+ + H2CO3 Acid In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4Acid + HCO3Base ⇋ C2O42Base + H2CO3 Acid Now compare the acid on the left HC2O4- to the acid on the right H2CO3. HC2O4- is the stronger acid and more successfully donates its proton to favour the formation of products. This means there are more products than reactants at equilibrium. When you find the stronger acid, the other side is always favoured. In Chemistry 12 Weak acids and weak bases also react. Use ⇋ Do not go to completion. HC2O4Acid + HCO3- ⇋ C2O42- Base Base Stronger acid Products are favoured! ⇋ + H2CO3 Acid In Chemistry 12 HSO4- + HSO3- ⇋ In Chemistry 12 HSO4- + HSO3- ⇋ HSO4- is a stronger acid than HSO3- so it donates the proton. In Chemistry 12 HSO4- Acid + HSO3- Base ⇋ SO42- + H2SO3 In Chemistry 12 HSO4- Acid + HSO3- ⇋ SO42- Base Base + H2SO3 Acid H+ Reactants are Favoured because H2SO3 is a stronger acid than HSO4- The stronger acid H2SO3 more successfully donates its proton making more reactants. ⇋