Transcript Rat Dissection

Rat Dissection
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The following
slides are
intended to help
you with dissection
of the rat and then
to review for the
lab practical that
will follow.
RATS
Rat Dissection
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Scientific Name:
Rattus norvegicus
Common Name: Rat
Kingdom- Animalia
Phylum- Chordata
Subphylum- Vertebrata
Class- Mammalia
Order- Rodentia
RATS
Directional Terms
Lateral - the side
Medial - toward the
midline of the animal
Proximal - closer to the
midline of the body
Distal - farther from the
midline of the body
Superficial - near the
surface
Deep - a distance below
the surface
External Features
Locate the vibrissae
(whiskers) and the pinna
(ears). Rats are gnawing
mammals and two large
incisors should be visible.
Eyes are usually pink or
black with a black pupil and
covered by a nictitating
membrane.
External Features
Rats have incisors and molars Incisors are the front most teeth in mammals.
In rats, these are the four, long, sharp front teeth, two on top and two on the
bottom. Rat incisors are highly specialized for gnawing. They are open-rooted,
which means they grow throughout life. Molars are the rearmost teeth in the
mouth, used for grinding food prior to swallowing it. Rats have 12 molars, six on
the top and six on the bottom (and three on each side of each jaw). Molars are
never replaced. Rats have only one set of teeth during their life (called
monophyodont).
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Rats do not have canines (the conical, pointed teeth used for
holding prey, defense, and combat), or premolars
(grinding teeth behind the canines and in front of the molars).
The rats have a long, toothless space in their mouth where the
second incisors, canines and premolars would be. This space is
called the diastema.
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External Features
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The sex of the rat can be determined by looking for external
testes, found on males and the presence (or absence) of teats,
which are only found on female rats.
Female
Male
Dissection does not mean ”to cut up”; in fact, it
means “expose to view”
Rat Dissection
REMOVING SKIN
Rat Dissection
ORAL CAVITY
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Throat
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THROAT
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THROAT
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ABDOMINAL
CAVITY
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
Rat Dissection
DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
Rat Dissection
DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
Rat Dissection
DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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DIGESTIVE
ORGANS
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THORACIC
CAVITY
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HEART +
LUNGS
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RESPIRATORY
ORGANS
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CIRCULATORY
ORGANS
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HEART
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CIRCULATORY
ORGANS
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UROGENITAL
ORGANS
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EXCRETORY
ORGANS
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UROGENITAL
ORGANS
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
1.
2.
3.
4.
Trachea
Heart
Lung
Diaphragm
THORACIC CAVITY
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
1.
2.
3.
4.
Right
Atrium
Right
Ventricle
Left Atrium
Left
Ventricle
HEART
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Jugular Vein
Carotid Artery
Superior Vena
Cava
Ascending
Aorta
Atrium (right)
Ventricles
THORACIC
CIRCULATION
Rat Dissection
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–
–
–
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You should be familiar with the order of the parts of the alimentary canal.
Following the path that food would take, we would pass through:
Oral Cavity
Pharynx
Esophagus
Stomach
Pyloric Sphincter
Small Intestine
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Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
Large Intestine
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Cecum
Colon
- Ascending Limb
- Transverse Limb
- Descending Limb
Rectum
Anus
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–
ABDOMINAL
CAVITY
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
1. Liver
2. Stomach
3. Pancreas
4. Duodenum
5. Small
Intestines
6. Cecum
7. Urinary
Bladder
ABDOMINAL
CAVITY
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
1. Abdominal Aorta
2. Renal Artery (left)
3. Renal Vein (left)
4. Inferior Vena Cava
5. Hepatic Portal
Vein
ABDOMINAL
CIRCULATION
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
1. Coagulating Gland
2. Urinary Bladder
3. Vas Deferens
4. Epididymis
5. Small Intestines
6. Seminal Vesicle
7. Prostate Gland
8. Penis
9. Testis
10.Scrotum
MALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Stomach
Kidney
Ovary
Oviduct
Uterine Horn
Large Intestine
Urinary Bladder
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
ORGANS
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
TAGGED ORGANS
10. Masseter
13. Biceps
Brachii
15. Rib Cage
13
Source #7
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
5. Esophagus
9. Lung
22. Trachea
27. Heart
TAGGED ORGANS
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
3. Diaphragm
7. Cecum
8. Liver
11. Ovary
17. Small
Intestine
18. Spleen
TAGGED ORGANS
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
24. Urinary
Bladder
26. Uterine
Horn
TAGGED ORGANS
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
1. Adrenal
Gland
6. Kidney
20. Stomach
23. Ureter
25. Rectum
TAGGED ORGANS
20
25
Source #7
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
NAME THAT FUNCTION:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
ANATOMICAL
TERMS
Here’s a word
Toward the midline Medial
bank to help you
Toward the back (upper surface of body) out:
Dorsal
Caudal
Caudal
Toward the tail
Cranial
Toward the side Lateral
Distal
Dorsal
Farthest from the point of attachment Distal
Lateral
Toward the belly (underside of body) Ventral
Medial
Proximal
Closest to the point of attachment Proximal
Ventral
Toward the head Cranial
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
ORGAN FUNCTION
NAME THAT ORGAN:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Here’s a
The whiskers, which have a sensory function Vibrissae
word bank
The flap-like external ear that directs sound Pinna
to help you
waves into the ear opening
out:
Paired openings leading into the nose Nares Mesentery
Organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavities Nares
Viscera
Peritoneum
A partition or wall separating 2 cavities Septum
Pinna
A membrane which suspends the organs Mesentery
Septum
Vibrissae
Shiny membrane that lines the abdominal
Peritoneum
Viscera
cavity
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
NAME THAT ORGAN:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ORGAN FUNCTION
Here’s a word
Produces WBC’s (White blood cells) Thymus
bank toGland
help you
Moves food in mouth and tastes Tongue
out:
Diaphragm
Organs for gas exchange Lungs
Hard Palate
Windpipe leading from pharynx to lungs Trachae
Lungs
Bony anterior roof of mouth Hard PalateSoft Palate
Teeth
Muscular sheet that separates the
Diaphragm
Thymus Gland
thoracic and abdominal cavities
Thyroid Gland
Incisors (biting) and molars (grinding) Teeth
Tongue
Muscular posterior roof of mouth Soft Palate
Trachea
Affects metabolic rate and body growth Thyroid Gland
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
ORGAN FUNCTION
NAME THAT ORGAN:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Here’s a word
Produces insulin for glucose metabolism Pancreas
bank to help
Aids in digestion of proteins Stomach
you out:
Cecum
Food tube from pharynx to stomach Esophagus
Esophagus
Digests and absorbs nutrients Small Intestines
Large Intestine
Folds in stomach that help mix food RugaeLiver
Liver
Secretes bile, cleans blood, stores glycogenPancreas
Cleans blood, removes old RBC’s Spleen Small Intestine
Spleen
Reabsorption of water Large Intestine
Stomach
Rectum
Blind pouch where ileum joins colon Cecum
Rugae
Rectum
End of intestines, compaction of feces
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
NAME THAT ORGAN:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ORGAN FUNCTION
Here’s
a word
Kidney
Removes wastes + excess H20 from blood bank
to help
Houses developing fetuses Uterine Hornyou out:
Bladder
Produces and stores sperm Testes
Kidney
Stores urine before excretion Bladder
Ovary
Secretes a fluid that aids sperm
Prostate
Prostate
survival and motility
Scrotum
Seminal Vesicle
Produces eggs Ovary
Testes
Carry urine from kidney to bladder Ureter Ureter
Secretes a fluid that nourishes sperm Seminal
Vesicle
Uterine
Horn
Sac that holds the testes Scrotum
Review and Quiz Yourself
Rat Dissection
NAME THAT ORGAN:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ORGAN FUNCTION
Here’s
a word
Artery
Takes blood from heart to lungs Pulmonary
bank to help you
Large veins take blood to right atrium Vena
out:Cava
Top chambers, receive blood Atria
Abdominal Aorta
Membrane around heart Pericardial SacAorta
Atria
Artery taking blood to head Common Carotid
Common Carotid
Bottom chambers that pump blood out Ventricles
Pericardial Sac
Pulmonary
Largest artery taking blood from left ventricle
AortaArtery
Renal Artery
Lower descending aorta takes
VenaAorta
Cava
Abdominal
blood to lower trunk and legs
Ventricles
Takes blood to kidneys Renal Artery