Transcript Grade11-Objective3

Grade 11
Objective 3
1
Viruses can only replicate —
A
B
C
D
Inside a host cell
Along a cellular membrane
Outside a nucleus
Between host cells
2
Most viruses infect a specific kind of cell. Which of the following are
infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
F Helper T cells
G Liver cells
H GABA-receptor cells
J Red blood cells
3
Viruses differ from bacteria in that all viruses —
F cause insect-borne diseases
G can be destroyed by antibiotics
H have rigid cell walls
J must be reproduced in living cells
4
One characteristic shared by a virus and a living cell is that both —
F store genetic information in nucleic acids
G have a crystalline structure
H gain energy directly from the sun
J use glucose for respiration
5
Which of the following cannot metabolize nutrients?
F
H
G
J
6
Which of these does a virus need in order to multiply?
A
B
C
D
Chloroplasts from a host cell
A host cell to provide oxygen for the virus
New ADP from a host cell
A host cell to replicate the virus’s DNA
7
Which of the following explains why antibiotics can treat flu-like
symptoms caused by bacteria but are ineffective against flu?
A
B
C
D
Flu is a response to an antigen.
Antibiotics require time to work.
Antibiotics strengthen antibodies.
Flu is caused by a virus.
8
Which of these events is most likely to cause a widespread influenza
outbreak?
F
G
H
J
People in northern regions are affected by weather patterns.
The influenza virus is recognized by host immune systems.
Global warming causes increased winter precipitation.
People lack immunity to a new strain of flu virus.
Information About Sendai Virus
• Some infants and children are infected with human
parainfluenza virus type 1, also known as HPIV-1.
• A vaccine against HPIV-1 is made of a low dose of Sendai
virus.
• Sendai virus has a similar structure to HPIV-1.
• Sendai virus makes mice sick but does not make humans sick.
9
Why is Sendai virus used as a vaccine against HPIV-1?
A
B
C
D
It alters the protein coat of HPIV-1.
It makes cells chemically unrecognizable to HPIV-1.
It forms a protective barrier against HPIV-1.
It triggers the production of antibodies that fight HPIV-1.
10
Enzymes allow viruses to insert their genetic material into the host
cell’s DNA. The virus benefits from this action by —
A
B
C
D
acquiring the traits of the host cell
causing the host cell to produce viruses
introducing random deadly mutations into the host cell
turning the host cell into a virus
11
Bacteria are the only organisms that can —
A
B
C
D
obtain energy by decomposing carbohydrates
transform atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia
produce glucose from dissolved carbon dioxide
synthesize proteins from amino acid molecules
12
Some bacteria benefit mammals by helping with —
F growth
G defense
H digestion
J respiration
13
Which of the following factors helps spread disease-causing
bacteria?
F Low temperatures
G Access to new hosts
H Mutation by heat energy
J Availability of light
14
Lactose is a naturally occurring sugar found in milk. Some dairy
products, such as yogurt, may contain live bacteria. These products
are useful to people who lack the ability to digest lactose. What does
this information demonstrate?
A
B
C
D
Bacteria raise the acidity of processed foods.
Some bacteria interfere with digestion.
Bacteria can prevent insulin production.
Some bacteria are beneficial to human health.
15
Cows and other ruminants are herbivorous animals. Their diet
includes cellulose, which must be fermented before it can be
digested. Which of these aid in the fermentation of cellulose in a
cow’s digestive system?
F
G
H
J
Bacteria
Fungi
Algae
Viruses
16
A study shows that 40% to 100% of raw poultry is contaminated by
disease-causing bacteria. Which of the following activities provides
people the best protection from these bacteria?
F
G
H
J
Rinsing dishes thoroughly
Eating a balanced diet daily
Visiting a doctor regularly
Cooking foods properly
17
Streptococcus infection in a person’s throat can cause pain and
fever. Streptococcus can be controlled by antibiotics. Streptococcus
is a —
F
G
H
J
virus
bacterium
protozoan
fungus
18
Which of these conditions is caused by bacteria?
F
G
H
J
AIDS
Seasonal allergies
Dental cavities
Colds
19
According to this phylogenetic tree, which organism is most closely related to R?
A
B
C
D
Q
S
T
U
Amino Acid Composition of Cytochrome c in Some Organisms
Amino Acid
Organism Q
Organism R
Organism S
Organism T
Alanine
10%
10%
10%
10%
Arginine
4%
4%
4%
4%
Aspartic acid
6%
6%
6%
6%
Cysteine
6%
6%
6%
4%
Glutamic acid
12%
12%
8%
8%
Glycine
4%
2%
4%
4%
Valine
2%
1%
4%
6%
20
The table shows a comparison of some amino acids found in cytochrome c.
The two organisms in the table that are most closely related are —
A
B
C
D
Q and T
R and S
Q and R
Q and S
Amino Acid Composition of Cytochrome c in Some Organisms
Fruit Fly
Screwworm
Fly
Hornworm
Moth
Silkworm
Moth
Alanine
10%
10%
10%
10%
Arginine
4%
4%
4%
4%
Aspartic acid
6%
6%
6%
6%
Cysteine
6%
6%
6%
4%
Glutamic acid
12%
12%
8%
8%
Glycine
4%
2%
4%
4%
Valine
2%
1%
4%
6%
Amino Acid
21
The table shows an amino acid comparison of cytochrome c, a protein
involved in cellular respiration in aerobic organisms. The two organisms in
the table that are least genetically related are the —
A
B
C
D
silkworm moth and the fruit fly
silkworm moth and the screwworm fly
fruit fly and the screwworm fly
fruit fly and the hornworm moth
Evolution of the Modern Horse
22
The diagram illustrates how some characteristics of the horse have
changed over time. Along with the difference in size, what is another
anatomical difference between the modern horse and its ancestors?
F The structure of the tooth has been adapted for eating meat.
G The size of the molars has decreased.
H The length of the forefoot has decreased.
J The number of toes has decreased.
• A gray whale develops in its mother’s
uterus for about a year.
• The whale calf has hair on its face when
it is born.
• As the calf grows, the hair is lost, and
barnacles attach themselves to its skin.
23
Which statement is best supported by the information above?
F
G
H
J
Barnacles develop within the whale uterus.
Whales descended from ancestors with hair.
Fluid inside the uterus is colder than seawater.
Adult whales will possess more hair in the future
24
Birds and reptiles are similar in that they are vertebrates and lay
eggs. They differ in that reptiles have teeth and birds have beaks.
Some birds do possess teeth. However, these teeth are present only
in the embryonic stage. Which conclusion is best supported by the
presence of teeth in bird embryos?
A
B
C
D
Birds and reptiles share a common ancestor.
Modern reptiles are the ancestors of modern birds.
Birds and reptiles eat similar types of food.
Ancestors of reptiles had beaks similar to those of birds.
25
Which conclusion is best supported by the information in the
diagram?
F
G
H
J
Volcanic eruptions were common in the area.
The area was once a marine environment.
Organisms in the area reproduced frequently.
Consumers once outnumbered producers in the area.
26
According to these anatomical structures, which two animals are
probably most closely related?
A
Ape and bat
B
Bat and bird
C
Bird and cat
D
Cat and wolf
27
Because of this animal’s adaptations, it would be most successful
at —
F competing with birds
G making its own food
H hiding from predators
J running very rapidly
Body Length of Mosquitoes
in a Specific Area
28
Which of these conclusions can be made based on the graphs shown
above?
A
B
C
Larger mosquitoes have migrated into the area.
Smaller mosquitoes are being eaten by larger mosquitoes.
A mosquito length of 2 cm has become a disadvantage in this
environment.
D Mosquitoes with a body length of 3 cm have the longest life span.
29
Some bacteria thrive in hostile environments, such as salt flats,
boiling-hot springs, and carbonate-rock interiors, primarily because
of bacteria’s —
F biochemical diversity
G small sizes
H round shapes
J methods of movement
About 10,000 years ago two populations of tassel-eared squirrels
were separated from each other. Today these squirrels are so
different that they are unable to interbreed when brought together.
30
Which of the following explains this phenomenon?
F
G
H
J
Competition
Extinction
Predation
Speciation
31
The myxoma virus was used to control an overpopulation of
European rabbits in Australia. When first introduced in the mid1900s, the virus greatly reduced the European rabbit population.
Today the virus is not an effective control of the European rabbit
population. Fewer European rabbits are affected by the virus today
because they have —
F
G
H
J
learned to avoid the virus
moved away from infected areas
undergone a change in diet
developed resistance to the virus
• Milkweed plants have green leaves.
• Milkweed plants produce a milky sap containing compounds that
taste bad to some animals.
• The milkweed bug is bright orange and red and feeds on the
milkweed plant.
• The compounds in the milkweed sap accumulate in the
milkweed bug but do not harm it.
32
Which of the following best explains how the milkweed bug’s
coloration helps it avoid being eaten by birds?
F
G
H
J
Birds become confused by the bug’s coloration, so the bug has
time to escape.
Birds associate the bug’s coloration with its bad taste and avoid
eating it.
Birds are unable to locate the bug’s head, so the bug can
escape.
Birds cannot locate the bug because it appears to be part of the
plant.
33
The model shows a demonstration a student prepared using black
and white marbles to show how populations of organisms can change.
Which of the following concepts is best illustrated by this demonstration?
F
Evolution of a predatory species
G Genetic drift accompanying natural selection
H
Environmentally induced genetic mutations
J
Immunity from virulent microorganisms
Characteristics of Some Lizards
• Live mainly in hot, dry climates
• Release very little water
• Excrete waste in the form of solid uric
acid, which contains very little water
34
Which of the following is best supported by the information shown
above?
F
G
H
J
These lizards evolved in arid habitats.
Modern lizards drink more water than their ancestors did.
These lizards cool themselves by evaporation.
Modern lizards excrete more water than their ancestors did.
35
Two competing species can thrive in the same community if they
have —
F
G
H
J
the same habitat
different niches
similar diets
different life spans
Grouping of Selected Species from a Single Phylum
36
The diagram shows relationships of selected species over time.
According to this information, which of these species is expected to
have the greatest phenotypic difference from the ancestral species?
F
Species Q
G Species R
H
Species T
J
Species U
37
The marine ecosystem represented above is able to thrive with a
small autotroph biomass because —
A
B
C
D
autotrophs reproduce rapidly
first-order consumers are small
second-order consumers are rare
third-order consumers eat very little
38
Energy used by producers in a grassland food web is provided by —
F sunlight
G photosynthesis
H oxygen
J carbon dioxide
39
In this food web, the bacteria
probably function as —
A
B
C
D
producers
herbivores
decomposers
carnivores
40
A food pyramid represents the relative amount of energy in trophic
levels. Which of the following correctly shows a food pyramid?
F
H
G
J
41
The diagram shows several phases of the nitrogen cycle. Which of
the following describes the most likely effect of removing some
plants from the area by using chemical herbicides?
A
B
C
D
The rate of erosion of rocks on the ground would be slowed.
The flow of necessary nutrients would be disrupted.
The ability of plants to complete photosynthesis would be
increased.
The infiltration of water into the ground would be halted.
42
About 10% of the energy at one trophic level is passed to the next
level. What usually happens to the energy that is not passed to the
next trophic level or used to carry out life processes?
A
B
C
D
It is given off as heat.
It is stored as vitamins.
It is used in reproduction.
It is used in protein synthesis.
43
The diagram represents different levels of a marine food pyramid.
Between which two levels is the greatest amount of energy
transferred?
A
B
C
D
R and Q
S and R
T and S
U and T
44
Which diagram best shows how the amount of stored energy changes
going up a food chain?
A
C
B
D
45
The diagram above is intended to show relationships in an
ecosystem. What do the arrows represent?
F
G
H
J
The direction of population migration
Differences in dietary habits
Progressively smaller organisms
The direction of energy flow
46
Which of these best represents a mutualistic relationship?
A
B
C
D
Bull snake/mouse
White-tailed deer/grass
Hummingbird/blossom
Spadefoot toad/cricket
47
Clown fish are small reef fish that seek protection from predators by
sheltering themselves among the stinging tentacles of sea
anemones. Clown fish are very territorial and can potentially scare
off predators of sea anemones. This relationship is an example of —
A
B
C
D
neutralism
mutualism
parasitism
commensalism
48
Which situation best represents a mutualistic relationship?
A
B
C
D
A tapeworm absorbing nutrients from the intestine of a dog
An orchid being pollinated by a nectar-collecting wasp
A human losing blood to a feeding mosquito
An armadillo rooting in the soil at the base of an oak tree
49
Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana) are leafless plants that lack
chlorophyll. Beechdrops get their nourishment from the roots of
beech trees, which reduces the amount of nutrients available to the
trees themselves. This interaction is best described as —
A
B
C
D
predatory
parasitic
commensalistic
mutualistic
Cholera-causing bacteria belong to the
genus Vibrio. Some species of Vibrio cause
diseases in chickens and humans. However,
some species have mutualistic relationships
with fish and other marine life.
50
Which of these is the best example of a mutualistic relationship in an
aquatic environment?
F
G
H
J
Some fish can survive repeated infections by harmful bacteria.
Some fish have bacteria living in their digestive tract that help
the fish digest food.
Some bacteria are present in aquatic food chains in which fish
are secondary consumers.
Some bacteria are aquatic decomposers that recycle nutrients
useful to fish.
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria called rhizobia
enter the root hairs of bean plants. The
bacteria are located in small root structures
called nodules. The plants provide energy to
the bacteria, and in return, the plants receive
nitrogen for growth from the bacteria.
51
According to the information in the box, which of these best
describes the relationship between rhizobia and bean plants?
F
G
H
J
Parasitism
Opportunism
Commensalism
Mutualism
Epiphytes
• Epiphytes (example: some orchids) live
on trees so they can receive more
sunlight.
• Epiphytes have aerial roots that absorb
water and minerals from rainwater.
• Epiphytes do not affect the trees on
which they live.
52
Which of these best describes the relationship between epiphytes
and trees?
F
G
H
J
Parasitism
Migration
Commensalism
Predation
53
Insecticides help humans compete with insects for a resource.
Which resource is most likely to be preserved for humans through
he use of insecticides?
F
G
H
J
Sunlight
Water
Food
Air
54
A tick feeding on the blood of a dog is an example of —
A
B
C
D
commensalism
parasitism
neutralism
mutualism
55
Which of these groups of organisms would most likely have
accumulated the largest concentration of a long-lasting chemical
pollutant in their bodies?
A
B
C
D
Phytoplankton
Zooplankton
Lake trout
Gulls
56
In this food pyramid, which level contains the greatest amount of
energy?
A
B
C
D
Tertiary consumers
Secondary consumers
Primary consumers
Producers
Ecosystems Factors
Group 1
57
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Soil
Soil
Soil
Soil
Water
Water
Water
Producers
Light
Light
Light
Light
Consumers
Producers
Air
Air
Rainfall
Consumers
Rainfall
Rainfall
The table lists four groups of factors found in a particular ecosystem.
Which group consists of only abiotic factors?
F Group 1
G Group 2
H Group 3
J Group 4
The Collared Peccary
The collared peccary is often mistaken for a pig. It has a short pig-like snout and
crushing molars. The peccary has a mass of 10–20 kg and a shoulder height of
about 50 cm.
The collared peccary is omnivorous, eating mostly roots, seeds, fruit, cacti, and
occasionally insects and mice. Peccaries travel in herds of 6–30 animals. The natural
enemies of the peccary are bobcats and coyotes.
58
Which of these is a food web based on the relationships described above?
A
C
B
D
59
The diagram above represents a pyramid of biomass. Which of the
following best explains why a pyramid shape is useful in this
representation?
A
B
C
D
Most of the food consumed is recycled at every trophic level.
Energy from the producers is equally distributed in all trophic
levels.
Decomposers receive a small amount of energy from the
biomass.
Each trophic level supports a lesser amount of biomass.
60
In this diagram of a marine food web, which term describes the sea turtles?
A
Aquatic herbivores
B
Autotrophic producers
C
Third-level consumers
D
Primary decomposers
61
In a typical forest community, plants are producers, rabbits are primary consumers,
and wolves are secondary consumers. Which diagram correctly represents these
relationships?
F
H
G
J
62
Compared to annual rings of trees that have experienced years of
sufficient rainfall, the annual rings of trees that have experienced a
dry period will —
F be softer
G grow at a faster rate
H be thinner
J photosynthesize at a faster rate
63
Species of the genus Toxicodendron, which includes poison ivy and
poison oak, produce a gummy oil that causes a severe itchy rash in
some animals. This substance is part of the Toxicodendron
species’—
F defense mechanisms
G nutritional processes
H support system
J clinging ability
64
Which of the following leaf types is most likely to help a plant survive
in an arid habitat?
A
C
B
D
65
Which of these structures protects a leaf from drying out?
F Q
G R
H S
J T
Plant Characteristics
•Grows in clusters and low to the ground
• Able to grow under a layer of snow
•Carries out photosynthesis at temperatures below
freezing
• Flowers very quickly and briefly during summer
•Produces small, moisture-retaining leaves
66
The box lists some characteristics of a plant that has adapted to
conditions in its environment. To which type of environment is the
plant best adapted?
A
B
C
D
Desert
Grassland
Tundra
Rain forest
67
Plant leaves have a waxy covering called a cuticle. When some
plants are stressed by lack of water, their cuticle increases in
thickness. What does this action demonstrate?
A
B
C
D
Alternation of generations in plants
Structural response to the environment
Differentiation of vascular tissue in plants
Genetic mutation induced by the environment
68
Some species of kelp anchor themselves to the seafloor. These
species have small air sacs, called air bladders, at the base of each
leaf. The air bladders raise the top of the kelp to the water’s surface.
What advantage do air bladders give the kelp?
A
B
C
D
They allow the kelp to obtain more salt from the water.
They prevent the kelp from breaking during a storm.
They allow kelp leaves to receive greater amounts of sunlight.
They provide the kelp with protection from herbivores.
69
The benefits of spines on a cactus are similar to the benefits of the —
F
G
H
J
scales on a butterfly wing
talons on a hawk
whiskers on a cat
shell on a tortoise
Grade 11
Objective 3
Answer Key
Grade 11 Objective 3 Answer Key
Question
Correct Answer
Objective
Measured
Student
Expectation
1
A
3
BIO 4C
2004 Info Booklet – 14
2
F
3
BIO 4C
2003 TAKS – 6
3
J
3
BIO 4C
Apr 2004 TAKS – 44
4
F
3
BIO 4C
Jul 2004 TAKS – 42
5
G
3
BIO 4C
Apr 2006 TAKS – 14
6
D
3
BIO 4C
Apr 2006 TAKS – 47
7
D
3
BIO 4C
Oct 2005 TAKS – 9
8
J
3
BIO 4C
Feb 2006 TAKS – 10
9
D
3
BIO 4C
Jul 2006 TAKS – 47
10
B
3
BIO 4C
Fall 2005 TAKS – 35
11
B
3
BIO 4D
2004 Info Booklet – 11
12
H
3
BIO 4D
2003 TAKS – 8
13
G
3
BIO 4D
Apr 2004 TAKS – 14
14
D
3
BIO 4D
Oct 2005 TAKS – 55
15
F
3
BIO 4D
Feb 2006 TAKS – 4
16
J
3
BIO 4D
Jul 2006 TAKS – 2
17
G
3
BIO 4D
Jul 2006 TAKS – 36
18
H
3
BIO 4D
Fall 2005 TAKS – 24
19
B
3
BIO 7A
2004 Info Booklet – 15
20
C
3
BIO 7A
2003 TAKS – 53
21
B
3
BIO 7A
Apr 2004 TAKS – 21
22
J
3
BIO 7A
Jul 2004 TAKS – 52
23
G
3
BIO 7A
Oct 2005 TAKS – 16
24
A
3
BIO 7A
Feb 2006 TAKS – 53
25
G
3
BIO 7A
Jul 2006 TAKS - 54
Source - item number
Grade 11 Objective 3 Answer Key
Question
Correct Answer
Objective
Measured
Student
Expectation
26
D
3
BIO 7A
Fall 2005 TAKS – 55
27
H
3
BIO 7B
2003 TAKS – 2
28
C
3
BIO 7B
Apr 2004 TAKS – 15
29
F
3
BIO 7B
Jul 2004 TAKS – 2
30
J
3
BIO 7B
Apr 2006 TAKS – 44
31
J
3
BIO 7B
Apr 2006 TAKS – 54
32
G
3
BIO 7B
Oct 2005 TAKS – 2
33
G
3
BIO 7B
Feb 2006 TAKS – 30
34
F
3
BIO 7B
Jul 2006 TAKS – 4
35
G
3
BIO 7B
Fall 2005 TAKS – 32
36
J
3
BIO 7B
Fall 2005 TAKS – 34
37
A
3
BIO 9D
2004 Info Booklet – 13
38
F
3
BIO 9D
2003 TAKS – 18
39
C
3
BIO 9D
Apr 2004 TAKS – 51
40
H
3
BIO 9D
Jul 2004 TAKS – 44
41
B
3
BIO 9D
Apr 2006 TAKS – 13
42
A
3
BIO 9D
Apr 2006 TAKS – 15
43
D
3
BIO 9D
Oct 2005 TAKS – 13
44
A
3
BIO 9D
Feb 2006 TAKS – 39
45
J
3
BIO 9D
Jul 2006 TAKS – 42
46
C
3
BIO 12B
2004 Info Booklet – 12
47
B
3
BIO 12B
2003 TAKS – 35
48
B
3
BIO 12B
Apr 2004 TAKS – 17
49
B
3
BIO 12B
Jul 2004 TAKS – 11
50
G
3
BIO 12B
Apr 2006 TAKS - 34
Source - item number
Grade 11 Objective 3 Answer Key
Question
Correct Answer
Objective
Measured
Student
Expectation
51
J
3
BIO 12B
Oct 2005 TAKS – 6
52
H
3
BIO 12B
Feb 2006 TAKS – 42
53
H
3
BIO 12B
Jul 2006 TAKS – 46
54
B
3
BIO 12B
Fall 2005 TAKS – 53
55
D
3
BIO 12E
2003 TAKS – 37
56
D
3
BIO 12E
Apr 2004 TAKS – 13
57
H
3
BIO 12E
Jul 2004 TAKS – 48
58
B
3
BIO 12E
Apr 2006 TAKS – 3
59
D
3
BIO 12E
Oct 2005 TAKS – 21
60
C
3
BIO 12E
Feb 2006 TAKS – 47
61
H
3
BIO 12E
Fall 2005 TAKS – 4
62
H
3
BIO 13A
2003 TAKS – 52
63
F
3
BIO 13A
Apr 2004 TAKS – 2
64
D
3
BIO 13A
Jul 2004 TAKS – 19
65
F
3
BIO 13A
Jul 2004 TAKS – 26
66
C
3
BIO 13A
Oct 2005 TAKS – 49
67
B
3
BIO 13A
Feb 2006 TAKS – 55
68
C
3
BIO 13A
Jul 2006 TAKS – 51
69
J
3
BIO 13A
Fall 2005 TAKS – 6
Source - item number