Transcript A 6-foot long muscular tube that connects the small

Digestion
Digestion
 Your
digestive system is
uniquely constructed to
perform its specialized function
of turning food into the energy
you need to survive and
packaging the residue for
waste disposal.
Digestion
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Label the diagram with the following
parts of the digestive system:
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1)Mouth
2) Salivary Glands
3) Gall Bladder
4) Liver
5) Pancreas
6) Small Intestine
7) Esophagus
8) Stomach
9) Large Intestine
10) Rectum
11) Anus
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The Mouth
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Digestion starts here
Chewing breaks the
food into pieces that
are more easily
digested, while saliva
mixes with food to
begin the process of
breaking it down into
a form your body can
absorb and use.
Salivary Glands
Saliva or spit, produced by the
salivary glands (located under the
tongue and near the lower jaw)
 Saliva begins to break down the food,
moistening it and making it easier to
swallow
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Gall Bladder
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The gallbladder
stores and
concentrates bile,
and then releases it
into the small
intestine to help
absorb and digest
fats.
Liver
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The liver filters out harmful substances or wastes,
turning some of the waste into more bile.
The liver even helps figure out how many
nutrients will go to the rest of the body, and how
many will stay behind in storage.
 For example, the liver stores certain vitamins
and a type of sugar your body uses for energy.
 The livers main purpose is to turn nutrients into
a form the body can use. ie) amino acids to
protein
Pancreas
The pancreas secretes digestive
enzymes into the small intestine
 These enzymes break down protein,
fats, and carbohydrates.
 The pancreas also makes insulin,
secreting it directly into the
bloodstream. Insulin is the chief
hormone for metabolizing sugar
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Small Intestine
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A 22-foot long muscular tube that breaks down
food
Contents of the small intestine start out semisolid, and end in a liquid form after passing
through the organ.
The small intestine breaks down the food mixture
even more so your body can absorb all the
vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and
fats.
The Esophagus
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Attaches the mouth
to the stomach
The esophagus
receives food from
your mouth when
you swallow.
The esophagus will
contract pushing
the food down into
the stomach
The Stomach
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The stomach is a hollow organ
Food is still being broken down
When ready the stomach releases
the food into the small intestine
Widest part of the digestive
system
Shaped like the letter J.
It has three important jobs:
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to store the food you've eaten
to break down the food into a
liquidy mixture
to slowly empty that liquidy
mixture into the small intestine
Large Intestine
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A 6-foot long muscular tube that connects the small
intestine to the rectum.
The large intestine is a highly specialized organ that is
responsible for processing waste so that emptying the
bowels is easy and convenient.
Stool, or waste left over from the digestive process, is
passed through the colon by means of peristalsis, first
in a liquid state and ultimately in a solid form. As stool
passes through the colon, water is removed.
It normally takes about 36 hours for stool to get
through the colon. The stool itself is mostly food
debris and bacteria.
When the descending colon becomes full of stool, or
feces, it empties its contents into the rectum to begin
the process of elimination.
Rectum
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The last part of the
large intestine is
the rectum, which
is where feces
(waste material) is
stored before
leaving the body
through the anus.
Anus
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The anus makes the exit point of the
digestive tract where feces leave the
body.
Absorption and Transport of
Nutrients
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Carbohydrates:
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Proteins:
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Shortest amount of time to digest
Broken down into simple sugars called glucose
GLUCOSE: is the body’s basic fuel supply
Broken down into amino acids
Used for energy
Fats:
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Longest to digest
Are changed into fatty acids for the body to use
Digestive Juices
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Bile:
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Pancreatic:
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Helps your body digest and absorb fats.
Produced in the liver
Stored in the gall bladder
Helps to break down carbohydrates, proteins and fats
Produced in the pancreas
Intestinal:
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Produced in the small intestine
Works with other juices to break down food.
Absorption
After digestion the nutrients are
absorbed into the bloodstream
 Most absorption take place in the
small intestine
 After absorption FIBER is left in the
small intestine
 Waste material goes to the large
intestine
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Terms
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Define the following terms from the
text book:
Oxidation
 Automatic Processes
 Physical Activities
 Villi
 Basal Metabolism
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Questions
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Why is chewing your food important?
In what body organ does digestion start?
How much food can your stomach hold?
What is chyme?
Why are villi important in digestion?
What is another name for your colon?
What is the difference between glucose and glycogen?
If someone has a piece of the small intestine removed
because of a disease, what nutritional problems could result?
What is the main purpose of the liver?
If someone had a small piece of the small intestine removed
because of a disease, what nutritional problems could result?