Transcript Marine Reptiles and Birds

Marine
Reptiles
(Crocodiles, Snakes,
Lizards, Turtles)
Class- Reptilia
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Marine Iguana
Sea Snakes
Sea Turtles
Saltwater Crocodile
Reptile Info.
• From 180-90 million years ago, various
reptiles were dominant marine
predators.
• Reptiles originated on land, and were
less well suited to live in the water.
• They can’t expel salt thru their kidneys,
have salt glands in their head to “spit”
out salt!
• 6,000 species of Reptile remain, 80 are
marine, 70 are snakes.
More Reptile info.
• 2 Species live in brackish water, the
remaining species live in freshwater.
• Only 1 species of lizard is truly MarineMarine Iguanas.
• 7 Species of Turtles are Marine. All lay
their eggs on the land and have long
migratory patterns.
• About 60 species of Snake are Marine.
Many have small mouths and inject
highly venomous to immobilize their
prey.
Reptile Adaptations
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Dry scaly skin to protect against water loss.
Cold-blooded
Lay eggs (thick, leathery covering)
Have a 3 chambered heart
Reproduce sexually, lay eggs
Have salt glands, above their eyes, to expel
salt
• Have concentrated urine (reabsorb water)
Jeff Corwin- Galapagos Experience
Cool Reptiles- Video
Sea Turtles by Danny Parks
2010
Marine Birds Gallery
Marine Birds
• Sea and shore provide a haven for
many species of birds.
• Birds that depend on the sea for
their survival are called Seabirds.
• There are nearly 9,000 species of
birds.
• Not all birds fly, but they all share
some important characteristics.
Bird Adaptations
• All birds have feathers
• There are 2 types of feathers;
Down, and contour.
• Down feathers are for warmth.
• Contour feathers cover the body
and are used in flight.
• Powder feathers waterproof .
• Light, hollow bones.
• 4 chambered heart, warm blooded
• Sexual reproduction, lay eggs
Marine Bird Adaptations
• True seabirds have salt secreting
glands.
• Seabirds have webbed feet.
• Shore dwelling birds are not considered
seabirds.
• Seabirds require a land base on which
they can lay their eggs.
• Of the 9000 species of birds, only 350
are true seabirds.
Sea Birds- Video
SeaBirds- Video
What in the World is a Blue
Footed Booby?
Gannet Diving
Laysan Albatross Mating
Dance
Flightless Cormorants of the
Galapagos
Penguins
• All 17 species of Penguin live in the southern
hemisphere.
• They are the best adapted for swimming,
because their wings have evolved to become
flippers.
• Penguins mate for life.
• The fathers hatch the chicks, while the
mothers leave in search of food to bring back
to the chick.
• Penguins have adapted special feathers to
help them withstand the cold waters, and the
freezing cold temps.
Did you Know ?
• Penguins are birds.
• - Their name is derived from Welsh terms ‘pen’, meaning
head and ‘Gwyn’, meaning white.
• - Penguins do not live at the North Pole.
• - Penguins can fly!!!!
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- Their average lifespan is 15-20 years.
• - Penguins have insulating layers of air, skin, and blubber.
• - Penguins like to slide across the ice on their big stomachs.
• - Most penguins can swim about 15 miles per hour.
• - There may be as many as 100 million penguins in the
world.
• Macaroni penguins got their name because of the feathers
on their head, which make them look like the well-dressed
men of eighteenth-century London who were the focus of
the song "Yankee Doodle Dandy."
Penguins- Video
Physical characteristics
• The emperor penguin is the largest of all living penguins,
standing 3.7 ft and weighing 60-90 lbs.
• The smallest of the penguins is the fairy penguin, standing just
16 in and weighing about 2.2 lbs.
• The penguin’s body is adapted for swimming. Its body is tapered
at both ends and streamlined. A penguin has a large head, short
neck, and elongated body.
• The tail is short and wedge-shaped.
• The legs and webbed feet are set far back on the body, which
causes penguins to stand upright when on land.
• Wings are modified into paddlelike flippers. The bones are much
flattened and, broadened, with the joint of elbow and wrist
almost fused. This forms a rigid, tapered, and flat flipper for
swimming. Each flipper is covered with short, scale-like
feathers. The long wing feathers typical of most birds would be
too flexible for swimming through water.
The Scientific name
for Penguins are
Spheniscidea.
Habitat
• All 17 species of penguins live in the Southern Hemisphere; on
every continent.
• Penguins are abundant on many temperate and sub Antarctic
islands.
• Penguins generally live on islands and remote conditional
regions free from land predators, where their inability to fly isn’t
detrimental to their survival.
• Although many people make the connection from penguin to
cold weather.. They are not only found in cold climates such as
Antarctica. In fact, only a few species of penguin live so far
south. Several species live in the temperate zone, and one
species, the Galapagos Penguin, live near the equator.
Emperor Penguin
Food
 Penguins feed on a range of sea creatures: fish, squid, sardines,
anchovies, but most of all, especially the smaller penguins, on krill,
a small shrimp.
 Antarctic penguins also eat a lot of krill.
 Species found a little north, eat mostly fish.
 Some penguins chase after rock crabs.
 Various species of penguins have slightly different food
preferences.
 Dailies feed primarily on small krill, while chinstraps forage for large
krill .
 Emperors and kings primarily eat fishes and squids.
 Intake varies with the quantity and variety of food available from
different areas at different times of the year.
 The location of prey can vary seasonally and even daily
 Penguins primarily rely on their vision while hunting
 Penguins catch prey with their bills and swallow it whole while
swimming
 Penguins have a spiny tongue and powerful jaws to grip slippery
prey
Dis how We Eat
Oops, Wrong Area
Reproduction
 With some of the smaller species, breeding may begin
at three or four years, but most larger species are not
accomplished breeders until much later. On average,
breeding does not begin until the fifth year, and a few
males do not breed until the eighth year
 Most species have an annual breeding season - spring
through summer
 The king penguin has the longest breeding cycle of all
the penguin species, lasting 14 to 16 months. A female
king penguin may produce a chick twice in every three
breeding seasons
 Both parents take turns incubating the egg. The
incubation period lasts from 4 weeks to 66 days.
 Depending on the species, penguins lay one to three
eggs.
Love in the morning
BFF’s
What Happened?
Special Adaptations
 Heavy solid bones act like a diver’s weight belt, allowing
them to stay underwater.
 Their wings, shaped like flippers, help them “fly”
underwater at speeds up to 15 mph. A streamlined body,
paddle-like feet, insulating blubber, and watertight
feathers all add to their efficiency and comfort
underwater.
 They also have a remarkable deep-diving ability.
 In addition to blubber for insulating warmth, penguins
have stiff, tightly packed feathers that overlap to provide
waterproof.
 They coat their feathers with oil from a gland near the tail
to increase impermeability.
 Black and white counter shading makes them nearly
invisible to predators above and below.
 Penguins have little or no sense of smell. Like other birds,
their sense of taste is limited. Their vision appears to be
better when they are underwater.
 Most species of penguins build nests, consist of only a
pile of rock or dirt. Emperor penguins build no nests; they
hold their eggs on top of their feet under a loose fold of
skin called the brood patch.
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