Transcript Symbiosis
SYMBIOSIS The relationship between two organisms. •Mutualism •Parasitism •Commensalism •Competition •Predation •Neutralism MUTUALISM •both species benefiting from each other. Lichens are fungus and algae living together. Algae produces the food and the fungus absorbs the nutrients. More Mutualistic Relationships Bee gets food and the flower gets pollinated. The bacteria cannot independently fix nitrogen, and require a plant host. The plant gets lots of nitrogen in return The Nile crocodile opening its mouth to permit the Egyptian Plover to feed on any leeches attached to its gums. A clown fish clean the anemone from its parasites by eating it while the anemone protects it against its prey. PARASITISM one species draws nourishment at the expense of the other The lamprey eel gets energy from the fish. Parasites rarely kill the host but will leave wounds WHAT ARE SOME OTHER PARASITES? • Viruses • Flukes (liver parasites) • Tape worms Fungus (athletes foot) • Trypanasoma (malaria) • Bacteria • Facial mites COMMENSALISM One organism benefits and the other is not affected. Examples: • Ciliates living in the guts of some herbivores. • Colon Bacteria in humans. • hummingbirds hitchhike rides with other birds Remoras that ride attached to sharks and other fishes. Remoras feed on the leftovers of their hosts' meals. COMPETITION 1. Interspecific competition -between two or more species for some resource. (space or food) Example Video Intraspecific competition -struggle between members of a population for a resource. NEUTRALISM Two species not affecting each other. tarantulas living in a desert and the cacti living in a desert Insects living together but don’t compete for the same food. Grasshopper / bee PREDATION Predation is a relationship where one organism captures and consumes another. A predator’s survival depends on its ability to catch its prey. Predator – organism doing the capturing Prey – organism being captured Ex: rattlesnake venom, spider web, etc. A prey’s survival depends on its ability to avoid being caught. Camouflage, mimicry, physical/chemical defenses IDENTIFY FOUR SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS