Transcript Document

Opening Ceremony
Helida Oyieke
• Karibu Kenya
• 67 participants from 7 countries in the region
and 8 countries beyond Africa were
expected/present.
• Introductions/protocols by Dr Oyieke, Chair
of the LOC and member of EC of CBOL.
Participant interest groups
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Amphibian
Mammal
General Taxonomy
Birds
Plant
Fish
Invertebrates
Biotechnology
Marine taxonomy
Conservation
Forensic
Management/Finance
Social science /politics
Bioinformatics
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Opening Ceremony
Director General, National Museums of Kenya,
Dr Idle Farah
• Welcome to all, appreciated the partnership of
NMK and ICIPE in hosting the workshop.
• NMK has signed MOC with CBOL and Dr. Oyieke
is a member of the CBOL Executive Committee..
• He emphasized the need to maintain
complementary technologies in taxonomy; apply
new technologies to complement traditional ones.
Opening Ceremony
• The Permanent Secretary, Ministry of State (National
Heritage), Mrs Alice Mayaka:
Thanked CBOL for choosing Kenya as host to the
workshop, welcomed guests to the country and stressed
the importance of conservation.
• She emphasized the value of Barcoding in law
enforcement in wildlife conservation; the potential
contribution of barcoding to fighting the illegal trade in
wildlife.
• Kenyans are proud of the wildlife in the country, and the
guests were encouraged to stay on and visit some of the
parks and world heriage sites, some of which are near
Nairobi.
David Schindel
• Dr Schindel described the meeting as an interdisciplinary
gathering to discuss simple idea, the DNA barcode of life. He set
the stage for the meeting, reminding the participants that day 1
would be technical, day 2 would provide a more interactive
group setting for sharing experiences and identifying problems.
• In day 3, the secretariat would identify ways to help the region
work together and to explore ways how to work together in the
activities identified by region reps.
• He outlined near-term goals of CBOL (double membership to
200 & participation of developing countries; regional meetings southern & eastern Africa, West Africa, South America, southern
Asia; Singapore June 2007). CBOL has a slim secretariat,
works with partners.
• CBOL aims to promote the use of Barcoding and the
contribution to 21st century research environment.
• Cautionary statement: e.g. COI does not reconstruct
phylogenies, but shows relationships; barcoding is NOT
taxonomy etc
David Schindel
More on Barcoding
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Anaytical path in the process of barcoding
Specimen collection + details (voucher specimens - physical or
electronic - where whole insect is used to prepare DNA),
shipment/conveyance details
Molecular processing (from DNA to sequencing)
Data processing (taxonomic names, specimen names, Barcode
sequence - with primers and trace file, museum database, voucher
specimen, journals). Structured link to voucher specimen.
Links to Central Genome Databases (GenBank, EMBL & DDBJ)
Scott miller: Barcode and its relation to
other conservation initiatives
• Poor representations of collections of various taxa
• Human resources are also thinly distributed worldwide
• CBOL Outreach, Sothern, Eastern and West Africa
(proposed)
Applications for species identification:
• -Endangered, Agric pests diseases, vectors, plane bird
hazards etc.
Simon Tillier, National Museums, Paris
“National and International Networking for Barcoding”
There are three models models for networking:
Model 1.
More informal, do it where you
are, submit data to BOLD; Based
on biological taxa
Model 2.
By location or by ecosystem,
where many institutions have
internal capacity
Model 3.
Networking among institutions,
limits duplication
Yvonne-Marie Linton, Natural History Museum,
London
Mosquito Barcode Initiative (MBI) - Demonstrator Project
• 3449 formally recognized species of mosquitoes, July
2006.
• 2930 (85%) in 9 collections available, exceeding the
80% target set in MBI.
• Barcoding enabled group to synonymize 2 groups
initially thought to be separate species.
• Methods have been established that allow use of old
museum specimens (>10 years)
• Africa has 18 genera and 560 species of mosquitoes,
collaborations with MBI welcome
Alves Gomes, INPA, Brazil
Biodiversity conservation and taxonomic
application of Barcoding: The case of electric
fish, genus Hypogenus
Using COI, intra and inter-specific variation that
is not resolved by morphology, confirming the
results of 3 other loci (1 nuclear).
Alexandre Soares Rosado, Instituto de
Microbiologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
‘DNA barcoding in microorganisms’
• About 4500 species are described; only 1-5% are
culturable.
• Culture independent methods, based on DNA are an
important tool.
• 16s rRNA gene is a good ubiquitous, but does not
distinguish among some Paenibacilli. The rpoB gene is
being used. Both the 16s and rpoB genes gave similar
results in DGGE fingerprints.
• New species of oral bacteria discovered using these
methods.
• Utility in environmental monitoring (soils, mangroves etc)
discussed.
• Project partly funded by the oil industry - potential for
bioremediation.
Olivier Maurin
Barcoding the Flora of the Kruger N Park
• Kruger is part of an ecosystem shared between three
countries - Zimbabwe, SA and Mozambique
• ~ 2000-3000 species of plants, but no inventory
exists.
• Project aims: Inventory, herbarium voucher
specimens, barcode using rbcL.
• About 1500 species collected, 60% are identified.
• Utility of GPS palm top for field records.
• Data will be stored in BOLD when the database can
accept plant data.
• Collaboration with Muthama Muasya, UCT, to identify
cyperaceae, being established.
Richard Bagine, Kenya Wildlife Service
Forensic science in illegal trade on wildlife and
other products
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Decline in endangered species: Rhino, elephant and other red listed
species have been steadily declining due to habitat loss and unsuitable
use of their products. Other species unlisted also experience the same
trend.
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Vital role of forensic science in curbing illegal trade and in conservation
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Population growth of human and increase in demand on resources has
lead to increased illegal use of wildlife
Forensic science can support law enforcement thus reducing illegal
trade in wildlife products.
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David Schindel: New Projects
• ABBI: 5 specimens per sp of birds and 10 000 aimed
by 2010
• FISHBOL: to barcode 30,000 species by 2010
• Fresh water quality project recently funded which will
use morphological and molecular identification on
indicator species of fresh water. 2 yrs, based in
Maryland, $250 000. It will be the first comparison
between traditional taxonomic approach with
molecular methods
• African Bush meat.
Discussion questions/suggestions
• Specimen collections - piggy-backing on other activities
to add value/reduce cost (e.g. Seeds for Life activities)
• BecA:
Network links (BecA with ASARECA, CORAF, WABNET)
Cost of sequencing
Is the focus purely on Agriculture
• Based on CBOL information would you be able to
comment on the molecular definition of species?
• What about those individuals that hybrid that has broke
the species isolation barrier?
• Quality control of PCR process for reliability of species
assignment
• BOLD data is secured by password, unless released by
source. Hence, no need to have a local database for
each project.
Discussion questions/suggestions cont:
• Preferred markers for phylogeny (since COI is too short
for phylogeny reconstruction)
• 5 specimens appear to be sufficient to account for any
intra-species variations
• Other issues