Transcript Implementation and Assessment of ESD from the SCFA perspective

ESD REPORTING
Presentation to ESD Workshops
Dr Rick Fletcher
OUTLINE OF TALK
• Why are we doing this?
• Brief Overall Description of National
ESD Reporting Framework
• Details of each of the 4 steps
• Aquaculture
• Cross Fishery and Regional Planning
What is ESD?
NSESD (1992)
“using, conserving and enhancing the
community’s resources so that ecological
processes, on which life depends, are
maintained, and the total quality of life,
now and in the future, can be increased”
Incorporates the 5 major issues of interest:
Target Species, Ecosystem, Social, Economic and
Governance
Why Not Just Environment??
• Natural resource management needs more
than just having minimum standards for
affected populations
• The activity MUST produce some social or
economic benefit or it is vandalism
• Depending upon societal values acceptable impacts can be from “not to be
harvested” (e.g. dolphins) to “fully
exploit” (e.g. prawns).
• To effectively manage a fishery (and meet
ESD Principles) requires integration of
environmental, social and economic
factors.
Issues and Needs
• Fisheries Legislative Requirements (all have
ESD in their Acts in some form)
• Other Government Requirements e.g. EPBC
(Used to be Schedule 4). Various state-based
agencies want environment issues addressed
(EPA, Councils etc).
• Market Leverage/Access Marine Stewardship
Council
• Develop one reporting process that gathers the
information to meets most of these needs
• Urgent need to respond to the EPBC
requirements to enable exports past 2003
ESD Measurement and
Reporting
• Many previous attempts have failed
• One size does not fit all
• Requires a process to systematically identify
issues, develop operational objectives and then
work out what indicators need to be measured.
• The objectives and acceptable range needs to be
developed with all stakeholders
• Level of information presented needs to be
appropriate to the issue
Why Have a Framework?
• Having a framework is NOT an alternative
for undertaking other necessary actions
• It puts all actions and issues into context
• Without a framework it is too easy to
conduct unnecessary work and/or miss
working on the real issues
• Helps determine what actions should be
undertaken
• Should maximise their benefits
National ESD Framework
• Began in March 2000 (after Geelong ESD
Conference)
• Project has used a stakeholder reference
group to provide ongoing advice
• An ESD reporting framework for wild
capture was refined through 8 case studies
& 2 workshops
National ESD Framework
• From this a “HOW TO GUIDE” was written
to “operationalise” ESD for fisheries
How does the National ESD
Process Work? - Part 1
Identify specific issues for
each fishery by adapting the
set of generic component
trees in a workshop fashion
National ESD REPORTING FRAMEWORK
Fishery
Ecological
Assessments
Retained
Socio-Eonomic Wellbeing
Assessments
Indigenous
TargetAdministration
Species
Ability to Achieve
Assessments
Governance
Socio economic
External
impacts
both
Non Retained
Community
Impact of
By
catch
and
at 3 different
levels
Environment
Natural and human induced
protected species
Habitat impacts
General
National
Ecosystem
Trophic Changes
Separates ESD into 8 main
components across 3 categories
Generic Tree
Retained Species
Primary Species
Secondary Species
By-Product
Specific Tree
RETAINED SPECIES
Rock Lobster
Coastal
Abrohlos
By-Product
Octopus
Scalefish
Sharks
DeepSea
Crabs
Why use generic component
trees?
•
Likely issues identified were developed into a
generic tree for each component of ESD
•
These generic trees are used as the starting
point for all assessments
•
Enhances consistency of approach
•
Requires specification of what are NOT issues
as much as determining what are issues.
•
Minimises ‘missing issues’ at first pass
FIRST TASK
•
AGREE ON THE COMPONENT TREE
STRUCTURE FOR THESE FISHERIES
•
YOU CAN ADD ANY ISSUE YOU THINK
HAS NOT BEEN INCLUDED
•
WE DO NOT DEBATE THEIR PRIORITY THIS IS DONE IN THE NEXT STAGE
How does the process work?
Part 2
•
Often many issues are identified, their
importance varies and not all will require full
reports and explicit management
•
Conduct a Risk Assessment on each of the
identified issues to determine appropriate
level of response –again in a workshop
environment
RISK ASSESSMENT
Consequence
Negligible
Likelihood
0
Minor
Moderate
1
2
Severe
Major
3
Catastrophic
4
5
1
2
3
5
We have
developed
five4
consequence
tables 6specific
to 10
0
2
4
8
assessing issues related to fisheries
Remote
1
0
Rare
2
Unlikely
3
0
3
6
9
12
15
Possible
4
0
4
8
12
16
20
Occasional
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
Likely
6
0
6
12
18
24
30
RISK ASSESSMENT
Component
Trees
(issues identified)
Risk Assessment
Low Risk/Priority
NO Report
DIRECT
Justification
CurrentNEEDED
Status
MANAGEMENT
Only
> Low Risk/Priority
DIRECT
Develop MANAGEMENT
Objectives
Indicators
IS
NEEDED
Performance limits etc
Report on current Perfomance
Reporting Process Part 3
Complete Suitably Detailed Reports on Each Issue
• Can you justify that your management actions
(or in inactions) are appropriate given the
level of risk and the current level of
knowledge available?
• Is your current performance acceptable given
the levels chosen?
PART 3 - Reporting
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rationale for inclusion
rating) for this issue
What(risk
specifically
for this
fishery do you want
Operational Objectives
(+Justification)
and WHY?
THESE THREE AREto
A achieve
PACKAGE
Indicator
Performance Measure (+Justification)
Data Requirements
Data Availability
Evaluation
Evaluation Reliability
need
to link
directly
Management Response These
(Current,
Future
and
to the objectives
if Trigger is reached)
• Summary of Actions and Conclusions
n
• External Drivers
How does the process work?
Part 4
Complete Application using information in
Component Reports
Summary of ESD Framework
IDENTIFY ISSUES
(Modify Eight ESD
Component Trees)
PRIORITISATION
(Risk Assessment)
Low Risk/Priority
> Low Risk/Priority
Report on
Justification of Risk
Rating
Develop Objectives
Indicators
Performance limits
Report Current Status
Plus
General
Background
Information
=
ESD
STATUS
REPORT
Specific
Reports
Government
Audits
Other
Stakeholders
Comparison to other Models
Process
Reporting Unit
SCFA
Fishery
Montreal
SOE
Questions Being Asked
Activity (where
ever it impacts)
Forest
All activities in the
Habitat
N a tio n /R e g io n
E n v iro n m e n ta l
change at a
L o c a tio n
(n o b e n c h m a r k s
to a s s e s s p e rfo r m a n c e )
DETAILS ON COMPONENT
TREES
Wild Capture
NATIONAL ESD REPORTING FRAMEWORK
Fishery
Ecological
Assessments
Social Wellbeing
Assessments
Ability to Achieve
Assessments
Retained
Indigenous
Governance
Non Retained
Community
Impact of
Environment
General
Ecosystem
National
Retained Species
Retained Species
Primary Species
Species 1
Stock 1
Distribution
Abundance
Structure
Discards
Stock 2 etc.
(as for stock 1)
By-Product Species
Species 2 etc.
(as for species 1)
Species or species group
(as for primary species)
At some stage these
SPECIES are wanted by
some or all of the fishery
- ie you do want to catch
some
Revised Rock Lobster Tree
RETAINED SPECIES
Rock Lobster
By-Product
Coastal
Octopus
Abrohlos
Scalefish
Sharks
DeepSea
Crabs
EAST COAST TUNA
Retained Species
Primary Species
By-Product Species
Yellowfin Tuna
Other Tuna
SBT???
Southern
Northern
Other Finfish
Abundance
(exploitable/
spawing etc)
BigEye Tuna
Broadbill
Swordfish
Striped Marlin
SkipJack Tuna
Sharks
THREE BASIC CATEGORIES
Target/Major ByProduct
1. Species by itself
Minor Byproduct
2. Species is mostly taken in another fishery,
that fishery will deal with the species explicitly
and comprehensively
3. Other – nobody, including this fishery takes a
significant (relevant to the stock) amount
Non-Retained
Non-Retained Species
Capture
Threatened Species
Direct Damage but no Capture
Other
These SPECIES are NEVER
wanted to be caught - if possible
eradicate all from catch
Non-Retained
Rock Lobster
Non-Retained Species
Captured
in pots
Direct impact
but not captured by Pots
Protected Species
Other
Turtles
Sealions
Moray Eels
Leatherback Turtles
Whales/
Dolphins
Manta Rays
THREE BASIC CATEGORIES
Major Non – Retained
1. Species by itself
Protected/Threatened
1. Species by itself
Minor Non-retained (group)
2. Group (minor - determined by a risk
assessment for each species)
General Ecosystem
Impacts on the biological community
through
removal of/damage to
organisms
addition/movement
of biological material
Other
Air quality
Bait collection
Stock enhancement
Fuel usage/Exhaust
Fishing (all removals)
(eg trophic levels)
Discarding/Provisioning
Greenhouse gas emissions
Ghost fishing
Translocation
Water quality
Benthic Biota
Debris
Oil discharge
Substrate quality
Indirect Environmental issues
Above low water mark
Rock Lobster Environmental issues
General Ecosystem
Impacts on the biological community
through
removal of/damage to
organisms
Other
addition/movement
of biological material
Air quality
Water quality
Fishing
(eg trophic impacts)
Bait
(including imported bait
issues)
Debris
Ghost fishing
Disease
Substrate quality
Benthic biota
Ecosystem
Above low water mark
Physical Impact on Coral
Other Benthic Types
Abrohlos Islands
Camps
Bird Interaction
Indigenous Issues
Indigenous Community Wellbeing
Economic
Value
Employment
Social Capital
Cultural
Values
Pos/Neg
Feelings
It was thought that there
should be an explicit
discussion on the impacts on
indigenous groups
Traditional
Fishing
Access to
Lands
Other
Contribution of the Fishery/Industry to:
COMMUNITY
WELLBEING
Community Wellbeing
Industry Community
(ie the people directly employed and families)
fishery/industry
Economic benefits
Local/regional Communities
(as relevant to particular fishery)
Dependent/sensitive communities
Community A
Community B
Less dependent/sensitive communities
Community A
Community B etc
Lifestyle
Industry
Structure
Resource
Dependency
(Employment
Economics)
other values
(positive/negative
feelings)
social capital
other values
(positive/negative
feelings)
The types of
communities range from
the industry itself to
small dependent
communities to those
that are not dependent
NATIONAL WELLBEING
National Socio-Economic Well-being
Economic
net economic return
Social
Health Benefits/Risks
Seafood Consumption
The broadest
community addressed
is at the national level
Seafood Quality
Employment
Import replacement
Attitudes to fishery
Existence values
Contribution to cultural values
Distribution of Benefits
Governance
Governance
Government
Management
Agency
Management
Legal Framework
Industry
Policy capabilities
Consultation
Reporting
others (NGOs etc)
codes of conduct
watchdog role
participation
representativeness
(proven constituency)
proactive policy
seafood health
Effectiveness
access rights
Participation
(incl MACs)
Plans
OCS arrangements
Communication
Compliance
Other Laws
Reviews and Audit
Economic
Instruments
peak bodies
Information
Inter-Agency
COoperation
Allocation
These components address whether
there are the appropriate mechanisms
to actually achieve the objectives listed
in the previous 7 trees.
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
To have acceptable levels of governance
Is the management plan being effective? Is Catch or Effort
remaining within acceptable limits
Does the management plan have the 10 key elements?
Is there effective compliance?
Is there effective consultation and reporting?
ESD Assessment Tools
One of the initiatives of the ESD
subprogram is the compilation of
information on each of the major
fisheries into an Assessment Manual to
assist in the development of ESD
reports and their assessment.
Assessment Headings
1. VULNERABILITY TO FISHING
2.
•
•
•
BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS
Spawning Biomass
Lowest Level Reached
Max. Exploitation Rate
3. ECONOMIC REFERENCE POINTS
• MSY/MEY
Assessment Headings
4. INDICATORS OF ABUNDANCE
(Robustness)
• Catch
• Catch Rate
• Independent Survey
• Current Stock Size (Models)
• Probability of meeting “target”
• Mean Size
• Recruit. Surveys
Assessment Headings
5. MANAGEMENT RESPONSES
(Effectiveness of tools)
• Size Limits
• Reproductive
• Closures
• Effort
• Output
6. ECOSYSTEM
• Impacts on Prey
• Impacts on Predators
Assessment Manual
INDIVIDUAL FISHERY REPORTS
Overall
General
Bycatch
Listed
Species
Ghost
Fishing
Benthic
Effects
Discards/ Prov.
Hand
gathered
LOW
Nil
NIL
NIL
NIL
NEGL.
Line
LOW
LOW
LOW
NIL
LOW
LOW
Potting/
Trapping
LOW
LOW
LOW- MOD
MODHIGH
LOW- MOD
NEGL.
Haul Nets
LOW –
MOD
MOD
LOW
NEGL.
LOW -MOD
LOW
Purse Seine
LOW –
MOD
LOW
LOW –
HIGH
NEGL.
NEGL.
LOW
Longlines
LOW-MOD
LOW
LOW-HIGH
LOW
NEGL.
NEGL.
Demersal
Gillnets
LOW
MOD
MOD
LOW - MOD
NEGL.
LOW
Prawn Trawl
MODHIGH
MOD –
HIGH
LOW –
HIGH
NIL
MOD- HIGH
MOD
Fish trawl
HIGH
MOD –
HIGH
LOW –
HIGH
NIL
HIGH
LOW -MOD
Dredge
HIGH
MOD
LOW-MOD
NIL
HIGH
HIGH
Method