Transcript Ecology Core and Ecology Option

Habitat & Niche
• Habitat is the
place a plant or
animal lives
• Niche is an
organism’s total
way of life
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The Nonliving Environment
• Abiotic factors- the
nonliving parts of an
organism’s environment.
• Examples include air
currents, temperature,
moisture, light, and soil.
• Abiotic factors affect an
organism’s life.
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The Living Environment
• Biotic factors- all the
living organisms that
inhabit an environment.
• All organisms depend on
others directly or
indirectly for food,
shelter, reproduction, or
protection.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pz6AP0cM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiG3yokCO
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fO0zHiAI
G8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3bWqlPLp
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C7HCIGFd
Bt8
Relationship Type
Predation
Competition
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism
Species A
Species B
Ecology Core and Ecology Option
http://www.nodvin.net/snhu/SCI219
/demos/Chapter_4/index.html
Ecosystems and Energy Interactions
Objectives
• Describe what is meant by a food chain, giving three examples, each with at least
three linkages (four organisms) (2)
• Describe what is meant by a food web (2)
• Deduce the trophic level of organisms in food chain and a food web (3)
• Construct a food web containing up to 10 organisms, using appropriate
information. (3)
• State that light is the initial energy source for almost all communities. (1)
• Explain the energy flow in a food chain. (3)
• State that energy transformations are never 100% efficient (1)
• Explain reasons for the shape of pyramids of energy. (3)
• Explain that energy enters and leaves ecosystems, but nutrients must be recycled.
(3)
• State that saprotrophic bacteria and fungi (decomposers) recycle nutrients. (1)
• Define species, habitat, population, community, ecosystem, and ecology. (1)
• autotroph and heterotroph, consumers, detritivores and saprotroph,trophic level
(1
• Construct a pyramid of energy, given appropriate
information. (3)
• Outline the changes in species diversity and production
during primary succession. (2)
• Explain the effects of living organisms on the abiotic
environment with reference to the changes occurring
during primary succession. (3)
• Explain how rainfall and temperature affect the distribution
of biomes. (3)
• Outline the characteristics of six major biomes. (2)
• gross production, net production and biomass. (1)primary
and secondary succession using an example of each.
(2)biome and biosphere. (2)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DZig6EL5B
6A
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Az9SbsK0j1M
Read this articles and generate a food web.
http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/members/2004/112-8/focus.html
Ecological Pyramids
Graphic Representations Of The
Relative Amounts of Energy or
Matter At Each Trophic Level
May be:
Energy Pyramid
Biomass Pyramid
Pyramid of Numbers
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Pyramid of Numbers
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Biomass Pyramid
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Food Chains Show Available
Energy
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Another way of
showing the
transfer of
energy in an
ecosystem is
the
ENERGY
PYRAMID
Unit: KJ/Meter
square/Year
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Energy Pyramids Show
•Amount of available energy
decreases for higher
consumers
•Amount of available energy
decreases down the food
chain
•It takes a large number of
producers to support a small
number of primary
consumers
•It takes a large number of
primary consumers to
support a small number of
secondary consumers
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXQH1iV_
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http://geoclio.org/ensci/imagesbook/04_03_s
uccession.swf
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http://www.nodvin.net/snhu/SCI219/demos/C
hapter_4/index.html
http://www.upperstjohnvalley.com/succession
.php
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Experiments
/Biome/graphindex.php
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9IjGNJPNy
zU&feature=fvst
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NajOATpgl
qc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dq1uYknD
-d0
http://www.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog
101/textbook/climate_systems/outline.html