Transcript Building a global biodiversity observation system for

GEO BON: Addressing the observation
needs of the UN Strategic Plan for
Biodiversity 2011-2020
Anne Larigauderie, ED DIVERSITAS
With: G Geller (NASA), M Walters (CSIR), M Walpole
(UNEP-WCMC) & other SC-GEO BON Colleagues
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Outline
• The policy context for biodiversity
• The GEO BON initiative
You are invited to Session B2 tomorrow 9:00
Convention on Biological
Diversity (CBD)
• 3 main goals
1- Conservation of biological diversity;
2- Sustainable use of its components; and
3- Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from genetic
resources
• Definition: "Biological diversity" means the variability among
living organisms from all sources including
1- terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems
2- diversity within species, between species and of
ecosystems.
Biodiversity within the MDGs
1- Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2- Achieve universal primary education
3- Promote gender equality
4- Reduce child mortality
5- Improve maternal health
6- Combat HIV:AIDS, malaria & other diseases
7- Ensure environmental sustainability
Target 7B: CBD 2010 target (WSSD, 2002):
8- Develop a global partnership for development
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MDG Goal 7: Ensure environmental
sustainability
• Target 7a: Integrate the principles of sustainable development
into country policies and programmes; reverse loss of
environmental resources
• Target 7b: Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a
significant reduction in the rate of loss
• Target 7c: Reduce by half the proportion of people without
sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
• Target 7d: Achieve significant improvement in lives of at least
100 million slum dwellers, by 2020
NB: Crosscutting all other MDGs
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The 2010 Biodiversity Target
“To achieve by 2010 a significant
reduction of the current rate of
biodiversity loss at the global, regional
and national level as a contribution to
poverty alleviation and to the benefit of
all life on Earth”
• Adopted at CBD COP6 (2002)
• Endorsed by WSSD and UNGA (2002)
• Incorporated as a new target within MDG7
in 2002
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Global Biodiversity Outlook-3 (CBD)
The information
behind GBO-3:
• 110 National Reports
• Biodiversity Indicators
Partnership
• Biodiversity Futures Study
• 500 scientific papers
• Open review process
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Biodiversity Scenarios
(GBO-3)
A synthesis and assessment of
projections of 21st century changes in
biodiversity and associated ecosystem
services based on an analysis of a broad
range of existing models, experiments
and observations
Pereira H, Leadley P et al.
Scenarios of global biodiversity in the 21st century.
Science, 26 Oct 2010
Trends shown by agreed indicators of progress towards the 2010
biodiversity target:
Trends shown by agreed indicators of progress towards the 2010
biodiversity target:
1)10 out of 15 indicators showed
unfavorable trends for biodiversity
2) Pb with amount and coverage of
data
The 2010 Target:
« to achieve by 2010
a significant
reduction of the
current rate of
biodiversity loss »
has not been met
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CBD-COP10,
Nagoya, Japan
(Nov 2010)
Post 2010: Lessons learned
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The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity
2011-2020: 5 strategic goals …
AGREED AT COP-10, NAGOYA, OCTOBER 2010
A. Address the underlying causes of biodiversity loss by
mainstreaming biodiversity across government and society
B. Reduce the direct pressures on biodiversity and promote
sustainable use.
C. Improve the status of biodiversity by safeguarding
ecosystems, species and genetic diversity
D. Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity and ecosystem
services
E. Enhance implementation through participatory planning,
knowledge management and capacity building
…and 20 targets for 2020
SG A-Underlying causes of biodiversity loss (mainstreaming bd)
• Target 1: by 2020, people are aware of the values of bd and the steps they
can take to conserve and use it sustainably;
• Target 2: by 2020, biodiversity values have been integrated into national and
local development and poverty reductions strategies …
• Target 3: by 2020, incentives harmful to biodiversity are eliminated …
SG D-Enhance the benefits to all from biodiversity & ecosystem
services
• Target 14: by 2020, ecosystems that provide essential services (including
services related to water, health, livelihood and well-being) are restored and
safeguarded
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Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-20:
the way forward
For each one of the 20 Targets:
• 1- Define indicator(s)
BIP: Biodiversity Indicator Partnership
• 2- Catalyse collection of observations
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GEO BON & CBD
Dr Braulio Dias
• Decision X/7 CBD-COP10 (Nagoya, 2010)
Requests the Executive Secretary to invite GEO BON, (…) to prepare an
evaluation of existing observation capabilities relevant to the targets
contained in the Strategic Plan for the period 2010-2020.
• In response GEO BON produced:
– Adequacy of biodiversity observation systems to support the
CBD 2020 targets
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Outline
• The policy context for biodiversity
• The GEO BON initiative
GEO BON: the SBA on biodiversity of GEOSS
Many Sources and Systems
 Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)
 UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre
(WCMC)
But lack of coordination
 ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB)
 International Union of Conservation (IUCN)
Huge volumes of stored data…
 BirdLife International
But access can be difficult
 NASA, JAXA, ERSDAC, ESA, IRSO, INPE…
 Census of Marine Life (CoML)
 NatureServe
 Wetlands International
Inadequate tools
 World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF)
 Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)
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A brief history
• 2005: Establishment of GEOSS
– Biodiversity is one of 9 “Societal Benefit Areas”
• 2006 Oct: First International Workshop (Geneva, CH)
• Jan 2008: GEO BON Steering Committee formed (Geneva, CH)
• Apr 2008: 2nd International workshop (Potsdam, Germany)
– Produce GEO BON concept document
• Feb 2010: 3rd International workshop (Asilomar, California, USA)
• GEO BON secretariat opens (CSIR, S-Africa)
• 22 May 2010:
– Launch of GEO BON implementation plan (version 1.0)
• Nov 2011:
– Adequacy of biodiversity observation systems to support the CBD
2020 targets (CBD/SBSTTA15/INF/8)
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Vision
An integrated global observing system that:
• gathers and shares information on biodiversity,
• provides tools for data integration and
analysis, and
• contributes to improving environmental
management and human well-being.
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What does GEO BON do?
GEO BON adds value to the many on-going activities by:
• Providing a global, scientifically robust framework for
observations on the detection of biodiversity change
• Coordinating some of the data gathering and the delivery of
information
• Ensuring long term continuity of data supply (operational
observations)
• Providing a set of innovative and relevant global products
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The GEO BON community of practice
Countries
GEO Plenary
And secretariat
GEO BON
Steering committee
Ecosystems SBA
Thematic BONs and
Partner Organisations
Ad-Hoc
Working groups
Organisations
Other SBAs
National or regional
BONs
Gene-level data
Taxon-specific Eg Birdlife
EBONE
Europe
Terrestrial species
Scale-specific Eg ILTER
APBON
Asia Pacific
Marine species
Biodiversity indicator Partnership
J-BON
Japan
Ecosystems
GBIF
Architecture
..and many others
These networkmembers
are independent but linked
and coordinated
…and others
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For the CBD: Adequacy report (1)
 Organized around the
20 targets for 2020
 For each target
 Key concepts
 Indicators (sources,
organizations, spatial
and temporal coverage)
 Gaps and data
limitations
 Adequacy assessment
 Estimated costs
Target 11 – Protected areas
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Target 14 – Ecosystem services
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For the CBD: EBVs (2)
• SBSTTA 15/2, para 6 :
(k) Invites GEO BON to continue its work on the identification
of Essential Biodiversity Variables and the development of
associated data sets as presented in CBD/SBSTTA/15/INF/8
and report to a future meeting of SBSTTA.
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Essential Biodiversity Variables
• A relatively small number of essential variables (16-18) are
necessary to derive the CBD operational indicators (>100) for
the 20 targets
• Each essential variable talks to multiple indicators and targets
and many indicators and targets are informed by multiple
essential variables
• Focus on primary measurements
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IPBES Intergovernmental Platform on
Biodiversity & Ecosystem Services
GEO BON flagged as the observing system in
charge of orchestrating the delivery of
observations necessary to implement the IPBES
programme of work
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Biodiversity science-policy landscape
Assessment
(IPBES)
Research
Observations
(GEO BON)
Policy
(CBD)
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In conclusion: some challenges
• Many positive developments re GEO BON
– Clear niche in science-policy interface
– Recognition by & collaboration with key partners (CBD,
IPBES)
– Strong agenda (Implementation plan, adequacy report,
EBVs)
– Interest of many individuals and organisations
• But some major challenges
– Lack of engagement/recognition at national level
– Proper institutional arrangements (Sec/funding)
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THANK YOU!
[email protected]
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The Red List Index (IUCN)
measures extinction risk
• The Red List Index (RLI) for all
these species groups is
decreasing.
• Coral species are moving most
rapidly towards greater
extinction risk
• Amphibians are, on average,
the group most threatened.
Source: IUCN
Projections of species extinctions
Golden toad, Costa Rica,
extinct since 1989
See Pounds et al. 2006 Nature
Photo: P. Leadley
Pereira, Leadley et al. 2010
DISTRIBUTION of TIPPING POINTS (GBO-3)
Some efforts to quantify
Target 5 By 2020, the rate of loss of all natural habitats,
including forests, is at least halved, and where feasible
brought to zero…
Target 11 By 2020, at least 17% of terrestrial and inland
water, and 10% of coastal and marine areas are
conserved…
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Target 12 – Prevented extinction of threatened species
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