Transcript urinary system

The Digestive &
Urinary Systems
Warm-up:
• Write a descriptive paragraph of a time when the
food you ate affected the way you felt afterward.
Describe how your energy level was affected.
Digestive System
• What Happens During Digestion?
• The foods you eat provide nourishment.
• In digestion, foods are broken down into smaller nutrients
to be absorbed into the blood and carried to the body’s
cells.
• The Digestive system functions can be divided into three
main processes.
• Digestion
•
The mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods within the stomach
and intestines for use by the body’s cells.
• Absorption
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The passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the
cardiovascular system.
• Elimination
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The body’s expulsion of undigested food or body wastes.
How Digestion Works
• Digestion includes two processes.
• The mechanical process
• Involves chewing, mashing and breaking down
food.
• The chemical process
• Involves secretions produced by digestive organs.
How Digestion works
• The digestive system consists of the mouth, esophagus,
stomach, and intestines
Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small
Intestine
Large
Intestine
Mouth
• Teeth
• Break food into smaller pieces preparing food to be
swallowed.
• Salivary Glands
• Produce digestive juices, saliva containing an enzyme that
begins to break down the starches and sugars in food into
smaller particles.
• Tongue
• Prepares food for swallowing it by shaping it.
• The uvula prevents food from entering the nasal passages.
Esophagus
• When food is swallowed it enters the esophagus.
• A muscular tube that is about 10 inches long that connects the
pharynx with the stomach.
• Food is moved through the esophagus, stomach, and intestine
through peristalsis.
• Peristalsis – a series of involuntary muscle contractions that
moves food through the digestive tract.
Stomach
• The stomach is a hollow, sac-like organ enclosed in a wall of
muscles.
• They allow the stomach to expand when you eat.
• The stomach has three tasks:
• Mixing foods with gastric juices.
• Gastric juices are secretions from the stomach lining
of hydrochloric acid and pepsin.
• Storing partially digested food and liquid.
• Moving food into the small intestine.
• The food is converted to chyme – a creamy, fluid
mixture of food and gastric juices.
Small Intestine
• The small intestine is 20 – 23 ft. in length and 1 inch in
diameter.
• As chyme enters the small intestine it contains partially
digested carbohydrates, proteins and undigested fats.
• This mixture is further dissolved by digestive juices secreted
from the small intestine, liver and pancreas.
• About 90% of all nutrients are absorbed through the small
intestine.
• The inner wall of the small intestine contains millions of villi.
• The villi are lined with capillaries that absorb the nutrients.
Large Intestine
• The undigested parts of the food – fiber – pass into the colon
or large intestine.
• The large intestine is about 2.5 inches in diameter and 5-6 feet
in length. Its function is to absorb water, vitamins, and salts,
and to eliminate wastes.
The Pancreas, Liver and Gallbladder
• In the small intestine the juices of two other organs
combine to break down food.
• Pancreas
• produces enzymes that breakdown the carbohydrates, fats, and
proteins in foods
• Liver
• The liver produces bile which aids in the breakdown and
absorption of fats.
• Gallbladder
• Bile is stored here between meals.
• http://videos.howstuffworks.com/health/digestive-systemvideos.htm
Digestive System Problems
• Functional Problems –
• Indigestion – Can be caused by eating too much food,
eating too quickly, eating spicy or high-fat foods.
• Constipation – can be caused by not drinking enough water
or not consuming enough fiber to move wastes through the
digestive system.
• Heartburn – burning sensation in the center of the chest
that may rise up to throat. A result of acid reflux, or the
backflow of stomach acid into the esophagus.
• Diarrhea – can be caused by bacterial or viral infections,
some medications, a change in eating style, overeating,
emotional turmoil, or nutritional deficiencies.
Keeping Digestive System Healthy
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Eat a variety of foods
Drink plenty of water
Each foods rich in fiber
Chew and eat slowly
Urinary System
• The urinary system is the body system that removes
liquid wastes from the body and maintains the body’s
water balance.
• The organs of the urinary system are the kidneys, ureters,
bladder, and urethra.
• Kidneys
– A kidney is an organ that filters the blood and excretes waste
products and excess water in the form of urine.
– Urine is a pale yellow liquid composed of water, salts, and
other waste products.
Urinary System
• Ureters
– A ureter is a narrow tube that connects a kidney to the
urinary bladder.
– Two ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary
bladder.
• Urinary Bladder
– The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that stores urine.
– During urination, urine is forced out of the bladder into the
urethra.
• Urethra
• The urethra is the narrow tube extending from the urinary
bladder to the outside of the body, through which urine passes
out of the body.
Urinary System
Assignment
• Complete worksheet on the Digestive and Urinary Systems