Transcript what a wonder the forest

THE DEFORESTATION OF THE
Amazonian rainforest
A global problem
Presented by
I.I.S.S. BOSELLI SAVONA
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The rainforest: a fantastic structure
The wonders of nature
The climate
People in the forest
The resources of the forest
The importance of the forest for life
The abuse of the forest resources
How are these areas used?
We have to solve this problem
Rescue is arriving!
The rainforest is the most
extensive coverage
of the arboreal. It is located
across the equatorial belt
of the globe, between the
two tropics. We find it in:
ASIA: India, Indonesia, Birmania,
Thailandia, China, New Guinea.
AFRICA: Nigeria and Congo.
AMERICA: Mexico, Brazil,
Venezuela,Colombia, Costa Rica,
Suriname, Ecuador, Perù and
Bolivia.
How they are distributed on the planet
SHOWN IN GREEN
A fantastic structure
The vegetation in the last layer isn’t
deciduous too. Thanks to the high humidity,
trees can reach the height of 70 meters.
The forest has a complex
morphology, and so we
distinguish the tropical forest
in different layers:
In the third layer there are evergreen
plants that can measure about 30 - 40
meters height.
The second layer is composed of woody
plants that grow from 3 to 5 metres.
The lowest layer consists of plants
that don’t exceed one meter height.
The wonders of the forest
In the rainforest there is
the biggest varieties of
flora of the planet. It is
rich in biodiversity
compared to any other
place. We find many
species of plants such as
giant plants like choker
ficus, red cedar, Kapok
and many other species.
THE KAPOK!
WHAT A WONDER THE
FOREST
The wonders of the fauna
In this case too there is a
big variety of species.
We can find bugs,
poisonous amphibians,
snakes and crocodiles,
colorful birds like parrots.
There are also fish like
piranhas and finally
mammals like monkeys
and the frightening
jaguar.
How various
is this fauna?
The climate
The climate of equatorial zone is really particular.
There aren’t seasons similar to ours:
we find only the rainy one so
there isn’t any lack of water.
Rains take away some ground
nutrients, on the contrary the lush
vegetation produces abundant humus.
There are warm temperatures at
about 30 degrees, with a constant
humidity, that arrives at 90%.
When rains are particular abundant,
rivers’ level increases of 10 meters,
forests are completely flooded, and so
we can find piranhas and very rare
animals like the pink dolphin among trees.
The rivers of the forest
The most important rivers are:
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Amazon river in Southern America
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Congo in Central Africa
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Mekong in the southeast of Asia
Amazon river
It has the biggest catchment area
higher than 1000 km and it’s
the second longest in the world.
Congo
It has the second catchment
area in the world.
Mekong
With his tributaries it wets
all southeastern Asia.
They are really
important for the
equatorial zones.
They have a regular
and abundant regime
all year long because
of the rains.
People in the forest
The equatorial forest is one of
the least populated in the
planet, there is a lower density
than in the other parts of the
world. That is caused by the
uncomfortable warmth and by
dangerous animals.
Zambos: born from the African
ethnicity and the local one.
The inhabitants are called
INDIOS and they are divided
according to their ethnicity
Mulattoes: born from the African
ethnicity and the European one.
Mestizos: born from the local
ethnicity and the European one.
Visit the forest
The rainforest isn’t a good and easy place to live in; to visit it you
have to respect a lot of rules. It’s also true that it represents a great
local touristic resource.
To get inside you have to land
at Manaus, the most important
city built in the heart of the
forest.
After that, when you are settled
you have to bring some sources
of water and food and you
have to be accompanied by an
expert guide to go inside.
You must respect all the
rules of the zone
and you mustn’t
turn on any fire.
It may flare up a fire.
It will even be difficult but in the end, the show will make you ecstatic.
The resources of the forest
The forest’s ecosystem is really
fragile.
The rainforest provides a big
quantity of resources.
There is a big deposit of
minerals and much water and
timber.
In Paraguay and Brazil it was
built one of the biggest
hydroelectric central of the
planet.
These natural resources are
really precious because they
are fundamental for the life of
the forest: in fact this ecosystem
is also called the “green gold”.
It’s also important because in
the deforested zones the warm
climate makes it possible to
grow many kinds of vegetables
and food.
The importance of the forest for life
The rainforest has also the nickname of lungs
of the Earth, because vegetation uses water
and in particular carbon gas to produce
carbohydrates and oxygen during the
photosynthesis.
6CO2 + 6H2O + Solar Energy
C6H12O6+6O2
You can observe in the formula that when there
is the sun light plants produce additional oxygen
which goes into the atmosphere making it
breathable by heterotrophic beings.
The plants always breath, but it isn’t true
that they use only oxygen during the day and
carbon gas during the night.
This fact happens minute by minute.
Finally :
Forest = Life
The abuse of the forest resources
Inside the forest,
these resources like
the other natural
resources in the world,
aren’t used correctly;
in fact we abuse of
them.
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The damages provoked to the forest
Deforested or burnt
hettars of wood.
To do space for the
agricultural zones.
Many local people
are banned from
their lands
Many protected
species are killed.
Look at that disaster!
Use of fossil fuels
and toxic
substances
Pollution in the
forest
Pollution in the
rivers
Species endangered
How are these areas used?
These deforested areas are used in many ways:
Factories
Agriculture
Pastures
In particular they are used for growing food, such as soy, sugar cane,
pineapples and coffee.
This causes an impoverishment of the land which isn’t grown “at fallow”:
they don’t alternate old and new lands.
The intense rains prevent the vegetation from blooming again and so it
causes a desertification. Finally the polluting substances from industries go
into the ground.
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To find solutions it’s absolutely necessary to put heavy taxes to the
people who cut the trees and we will have to alternate the growing
plants. But it’s only the beginning!.
Man has always needed Nature to feed himself, but there is a limit to
everything!
The 80% of the forest is still unspoiled but the deforestation is
increasing!
First it is necessary to do accurate controls, to find all the illegal
activities that take place in this zone.
Authorities should help the institutions that keep this fantastic and
delicate ecosystem alive.
We must rescue the endangered species
Rescue is arriving!
Fortunately we aren’t the first people
who realize that the rainforest and so the
global climate is in danger. Many institutions
have taken some measures about this topic.
They welcome species in
danger!
National parks
In the north of the forest in Brazil there is
one of the most important and well equipped
national parks in the world. We may call it the
“Yellowstone Park” of the Amazon: it’s Manu’s
Park.
W the biodiversity!
Manu’s park occupies a part of the forest of
approximately 20000 squared km.
it’s really difficult to be classified as it is estimated
that for every hectare of this region there
are 500 different species of plants and
about 400 species of animals live there.
Thank you very
much for your
attention!!
Giulia Canepa
Evelyn Ezzembergher
Valeria Parlato
Anna Tarchetti