Transcript 1-The_IOTC_Process

Mauritius, 18-20 March 2014
Compliance Workshop: Collection and reporting of Fisheries data to IOTC
The Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
Understanding the IOTC Process
IOTC Secretariat
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Sponsored by BOBLME-IOC-SmartFish-IOTC
What is IOTC
S IOTC is one of five tuna-
Regional Fisheries
Management
Organizations (RFMO)
S IOTC = Member countries
S IOTC, a joint decision-
making mechanism with
actions taken at the
individual country level
One of Five
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CCSBT: Commission for the Conservation of Southern-Bluefin Tuna
IATTC: Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission
ICCAT: International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas
IOTC: Indian Ocean Tuna Commission
WCPFC: Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission
SOURCE: http://www.pewenvironment.org/news-room/other-resources/map-tuna-regional-fisheries-management-organizations-85899361310
The formation of IOTC
S 1968: A IO Tuna Committee is established as part of the
Indian Ocean Fishery Commission (an FAO body):
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Review stock status
Determine areas for future management
Recommend measures
S 1980: Indo-Pacific Tuna Programme (IPTP)
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Technical support
Establishment of a database of tuna fisheries in the IO (since 1970)
Coordinated research (first tagging programmes)
Prepared the groundwork for an RFMO
S 1986-1988 : Intergovernmental consultation
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France, Japan, Seychelles, Sri Lanka and Thailand
To prepare recommendations for a management arrangement
S 1993: The Agreement to establish IOTC is approved by the
FAO Council (under Article XIV)
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Membership open to UN Members: Taiwan Province of China cannot join
IOTC Member and Cooperating Parties
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Australia
Belize
China
Comoros
Eritrea
European Union
France
Guinea
Iran, Isl. Rep.
India
Indonesia
Japan
Kenya
Korea, Rep.
Madagascar
Maldives
Malaysia
Mauritius
Mozambique
Oman
Pakistan
Philippines
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Sri Lanka
At present 31 Members plus 2
Cooperating Non-Contracting
Parties
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Sudan
Tanzania
Thailand
United Kingdom
Vanuatu
Yemen
Cooperating parties:
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S Senegal
SOURCE EEZ shape file: http://www.marineregions.org/downloads.php#eez
The IOTC Secretariat
S Secretariat established in Seychelles in 1998
S Facilitates the exchange of information between Members
S Compiles, reviews, safe-keep, and disseminate information, as
agreed by IOTC CPCs
S Facilitates the scientific process
S Provides information on fisheries and catch trends
S Coordination of research (e.g. Indian Ocean Tuna Tagging
Programme)
S Data analysis, in particular assessments of IOTC stocks and impact
of IOTC fisheries on other marine fauna (bycatch) and the ecosystem
at large
S Meeting organization and support
S Capacity building activities:
S Science: IOTC-OFCF Project, COI-SmartFish, BOBLME, SWIOF
S Compliance: COI-SmartFish, BOBLME, GEF-ABNJ
The Mandate
Biological & Economic
S Promote conservation and
optimum utilization of tuna
stocks (Article V.1 IOTC
Agreement)
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16 IOTC species of tuna and tunalike
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At present 16 stocks (??)
In the IOTC Area or any adjacent
area IOTC stocks extend to
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Highly migratory species
Highly Migratory: Tagging
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Tuna movements: Tag recoveries of tunas that moved 1500 nautical miles or more
from the point of release (considering movement in a straight line)
S Top: Indian Ocean Regional Tuna Tagging Project (off TANZANIA & off OMAN)
S Bottom: Small scale tagging in the MALDIVES
Yellowfin Tuna
Bigeye Tuna
Skipjack Tuna
Yellowfin Tuna
Bigeye Tuna
Skipjack Tuna
The Mandate
Biological & Economic
S Promote sustainable development
of fisheries based on those stocks
(Article V.1 IOTC Agreement)
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Include all fisheries that catch IOTCspecies (both directed at IOTC species or
catching IOTC species as bycatch)
Assess effects of the fisheries on the
ecosystem (e.g. incidental catches of other
species such as sharks)
All coastal countries in the Indian Ocean
plus some Distant-water fishing nations
have fisheries for tunas
Purse seine
Longline
Gillnet
Trolling
Pole-and-line
Or any other catching IOTC species
Group
Species
Tropical tunas
Yellowfin tuna
Bigeye tuna
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Skipjack tuna
Albacore
Southern bluefin tuna (CCSBT)
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Temperate tunas
Bilfish
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Species
Swordfish
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Black marlin
Blue marlin
Striped marlin
Indo-Pacific sailfish
Neritic tunas
Longtail tuna
Frigate tuna
Bullet tuna
Kawakawa
Seerfish
Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel
Indo-Pacific king mackerel
Sharks and rays
Highly migratory species of sharks
(e.g. blue, makos, oc. whitetip, silky,
thresher, porbeagle) and rays (e.g.
manta rays, pelagic stingrays)
Marine turtles
Green, hawksbill, leatherback,
loggerhead, olive ridley, flatback
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Seabirds
Several species of albatross, petrels
and shearwaters
Marine mammals
Several species of toothed and baleen
whales
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Other finfish
Other tuna species and other nontargeted, associated and dependent
species
The Process
S The three-stage structure of the process
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The first step in the IOTC process: How is the scientific advice
generated?
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The second step: the decision making process
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Methods and models
Data used
Diagnostics and projections
Situation of the major IOTC stocks
How is the scientific advice used to generate conservation and management
measures?
The third step: National implementation and compliance
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What needs to be done at the national level after a decision is adopted?
The structure of IOTC
Commission
(31+2) Member States decide
on actions)
Compliance
Committee
(advise on
enforcement)
Scientific
Committee
(advise on
status)
IGOs and NGOs
Provision of advice
Requests for advice or
for execution of specific
tasks
Secretariat
(support process at
all level from HQs
in Seychelles)
Working Groups
(scientific analysis)
•Tropical Tunas
•Billfish
•Temperate Tunas
•Ecosystems & Bycatch
•Data Collection and Stats
•Neritic tunas
Decision Making & IOTC Measures
Article V.2.d IOTC Agreement:
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“To adopt, in accordance with Article IX and on the basis of scientific
evidence, conservation and management measures, to ensure the
conservation of the stocks covered by this Agreement and to promote
the objective of their optimum utilization throughout the Area.”
S Includes the adoption of standards
for the collection and reporting of
the fisheries data that are used in
the generation of scientific advice
S Regular review by the Commission
and Scientific Committee of those
standards, including levels of
compliance by IOTC CPCs
Year
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987
Sum of Catch
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
Millions of metric tons
Status of IOTC stocks
WS
Catch IOTC Species 1973-2012
1.6
Species
GUT
COM
1.2
BLT
FRI
KAW
LOT
0.8
SFA
MLS
BUM
BLM
SWO
0.4
SKJ
SBF
ALB
BET
0.0
YFT
Last assessments
The status of half
IOTC stocks and
all sharks is
poorly known due
to the paucity of
data available
Colour key
Stock
subject to
OVERFISHING
(Fyear/FMSY> 1)
Stock NOT
subject to
OVERFISHING
(Fyear/FMSY≤ 1)
Stock not
assessed/
Uncertain
Stock
OVERFISHED
(SByear/SBMSY< 1)
Stock NOT
OVERFISHED
(SByear/SBMSY≥ 1)
Stock
2013
2012
2011
2010
Prev.
Albacore
2007
Bigeye tuna
2008
Skipjack tuna
No assessment
Yellowfin tuna
2008
Swordfish
2007
Blue marlin
No assessment
Striped marlin
No assessment
Other billfish
Longtail tuna
Other neritic tunas
Sharks
Data poor methods; results need validation
No assessment
Data poor; no assessment
Very poor data; no assessment
How far does the IOTC data let us go
Tropical tunas
Swordfish and albacore
Sailfish and marlins
Neritic tunas
Albacore
Swordfish
Sharks
Longtail tuna
Kawakawa
Frigate tuna
Bullet tuna
NB Spanish mackerel
IP king mackerel
Blue shark
Oceanic whitetip
Thresher sharks
Mako sharks
Porbeagle
Hammerhead sharks
Silky shark
Other
Basic indicators
(Catch trends, SRA,
CPUE, mean size, etc.)
IP Sailfish
Black marlin
Blue marlin
Striped marlin
Biomass dynamic
models (Production
models); delaydifference models
ASPIC
Age-structured
production models
(ASPM)
Integrated models;
catch-at-age or catchat-size models
(e.g. SS2)
Increasing complexity
means better
approximation but
more data are required!
Yellowfin tuna
Bigeye tuna
Skipjack tuna
[S. bluefin tuna]
Spatially
disaggregated,
integrated models
(SS3, MULTIFANCL)
Tagging data essential!
The IOTC is as good as how its members
participate (IN FULL) in these processes.
Thanking you for your attention
www.iotc.org