Transcript Chapter 5 review ES

Chapter 5
Question
• In the years immediately after a fire, a forest
will experience…
Answer
• Secondary Succession
Question
• Which of the following best describes a successful
individual in evolutionary terms?
A.
A successful individual possesses traits that
are different from the traits of the rest of the
population.
B.
A successful individual produces many
offspring that possess unique traits.
C.
A successful individual is well adapted to its
environment and produces offspring that survive to
pass on genes.
D.
A successful individual will be well adapted
to its environment and produce a few high quality
offspring.
Answer
• C – A successful individual is well adapted to
its environment and produces offspring that
survive to pass on genes
Question
• An interaction in which an individual of one
species kills and consumes an individual of
another is called…
Answer
• Predation
Question
• In the Western United States, at the southern
edge of their range, moose are sometimes so
severely infested with ticks that they die. The
tick/moose relationship is best described as…
Answer
• parasitic
Question
• A beehive depends on pollen from flowers to
survive. Flowers depend on bees to pollinate
them. Humans tend bee hives, offering the
bees a place to live in exchange for some of
their honey. The relationship among these
three sets of organisms is…
Answer
• Mutualism
Question
• The ultimate source of energy in an
ecosystem in which deer eat grass and coyotes
eat deer is…
Answer
• The sun
Question
• In a food web that consists of grass, mice,
deer, coyotes, and hawks, which species is
likely to have the greatest biomass?
Answer
• grass
Question
• A niche restricted by competition is a _______
niche.
Answer
• realized
Question
• In the history of the world, how many mass
extinctions have occurred?
Answer
• 5
Question
• A deer browsing on shrubs is an example of…
Answer
• Herbivory
Question
• The first level of all food pyramids consists of
…
Answer
• Primary producers
Question
• A species with a restricted tolerance for
environmental conditions is a ….
Answer
• Specialist
Question
• A landslide causes part of a mountainside to
fall away, leaving bare rock. In the years
immediately following the landslide, the area
will experience _____ succession.
Answer
• Primary succession
Question
• If these are present in a new environment, a
species is unlikely to become invasive (3).
Answer
• Predators, parasites, and competitors
Question
• In Madagascar, several species of lemur eat
bamboo, but each species specializes in one
part of the bamboo – one species eats mature
bamboo stalks, one species eats bamboo
shoots, and one species eats leaves. This is an
example of…
Answer
• Resource partitioning
Question
• In the previous question, one lemur species
eats only bamboo shoots. Bamboo shoots
contain high levels of cyanide, a toxic
chemical. This lemur species has developed a
tolerance for a certain amount of cyanide.
What do you think will happen over time?
Answer
• The level of cyanide in the bamboo population
will increase
Question
• When energy is transferred between trophic
levels, the amount of available energy lost is
about…
Answer
• 90%
Question
• Humans are generally ______vores
Answer
• Omnivores
Question
• Any being that uses sun’s energy to create
sugars is a …
Answer
• Primary producer
Question
• Two populations of deer species are separated
when a glacier forms. After the glacier melts,
the two populations have become different
species. This is and example of allopatric
_________.
Answer
• Speciation
Question
• Communities that are powered by the sun
depend on ________ for their energy. (The
answer is not primary producers)
Answer
• photosynthesis
Question
• Animals gathering around a water hole in a
drought prone area and establishing
hierarchies of access to the water is an
example of ________.
Answer
• Competition
Question
• You have many species of bacteria living in
your gut that help you with digestion. This
relationship is best defined as …
Answer
• Commensalism/Mutualism
Question
• An _____ species is a species that has been
introduced to a new area and lacks limiting
factors.
Answer
• Invasive
Question
• True or False: A nation where most of the
people eat primarily vegetarian diet will be
able to support a lower population than it
would if the people ate a lot of meat.
Answer
• False
Question
• The twenty varieties of heirloom tomatoes
available at your local farmer’s market are the
result of …
Answer
• Artificial selection
Question
• _______________ is an interaction in which
an animal eats a plant.
Answer
• Herbivory
Question
• An organism’s ______ describes its use of
resources and functional role in a community.
Answer
• Niche
Question
• ______ is an accidental change in DNA
Answer
• mutation
Question
• ______ consume nonliving organic matter
including leaf litter, waste products, and the
dead bodies of other communities.
Answer
• detritivores
Question
• _____ is a close, long-term association
between two organisms.
Answer
• Symbiosis
Question
• ____ is the process by which bacteria use
energy stored in bonds of hydrogen sulfide to
convert carbon dioxide and water to sugars.
Answer
• Chemosynthesis
Question
• A species that has a strong and wide-ranging
impact on a community is a _________
species.
Answer
• Keystone
Question
• ____ break down nonliving matter into
simpler parts that can be taken up and reused
by primary producers
Answer
• decomposer