Transcript Lecture
Eats other fish Stomach Marine fish Esophogus Freshwater Omnivore Intestine Stomachs Stomachs Esophagus Intestine Planktivore Stomach Gizzard-Like Stomach Gizzard Shad Mullet Parts of the Stomach Cardiac Stomach Secretes Fundic Stomach Muscular for Grinding Fundic Cardiac Hydrochloric Acid • decalcifies bones Hydrochloric Acid • decalcifies bones • breaks down connective tissue Hydrochloric Acid • decalcifies bones • breaks down connective tissue • hydrolyzes proteins Hydrochloric Acid • decalcifies bones • breaks down connective tissue • hydrolyzes proteins • kills disease organisms Pepsin • Enzyme • Made by stomach glands • Breaks down protein at low pH Implications? Large Intestine? Variability in Intestine Design Carp Catfish Trout Sturgeon (Spiral Valve) Stomach Cecae Intestine Definitions • • • • • • • Planktivore: Eats plankton Piscivore: Eats fish Herbivore: Eats plants Omnivore: Eats a little of everything Detritivore: Eats bottom goo Insectivore: Eats insects Carnivore: Meat (insects and fish too…) Intestine Length • Piscivores: 1 x body length • Herbivores: 2 x body length • Planktivores: 5-13 x body • Omnivores: 2-4 x body • Detritivores: 10-15 x body Intestinal Secretions • Bicarbonate to neutralize the acid • Produces correct pH for other digestive enzymes that come from the… Pancreas 1. Endocrine: Insulin for blood sugar control (Brockman bodies) 2. Exocrine: Digestive enzymes Pancreatic Islet: Insulin Zymogen Granules Exocrine Pancreas Trypsin: proteins Lipases: fats Adipose Tissue Exocrine Pancreas Trypsin: proteins Lipases: fats Amylases: starches Exocrine Pancreas Trypsin: proteins Lipases: fats Amylases: starches Gall Liver Bladder Liver cells arranged in plates = Liver cells = Bile ducts = Blood Liver cells arranged in tubes = Liver cells = Bile ducts = Blood The Liver Secretes Bile Fat Bile Bile •Exocrine Pancreas •Bile •What else? Liver Functions • • • Vitamin storage: A (years worth!), D, B12 (months worth). Iron storage: Iron is needed to make hemoglobin and some enzymes. Free iron levels in the blood are kept very low to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Detoxification: Toxic compounds from food and blood are metabolized into nontoxic (hopefully!) compounds. Liver Functions (metabolism) • • • Carbohydrate metabolism: Storage of sugar as glycogen, production of sugar from other molecules, conversion of sugar types to other sugar types. Maintains blood sugar levels. Fat metabolism: Fat storage, conversion of carbos to fat, production of cholesterol, Protein metabolism: Produces plasma proteins (albumen, clotting, immune function), makes egg yolk (vitellogenin), amino acid conversion. Liver Functions (energy storage) Glycogen Lipid Yikes ! • Lips Digestive • Teeth System • Pharyngeal teeth Design • Gill rakers • Stomach design (acids and enzymes) • Intestine length • Digestive enzyme emphasis (and bicarb)