Transcript Mouth Salivary Glands Esophagus Rumen Pancreas Small Intestine

Ruminant Digestion
What are Ruminants?
• Grazing animals that
have split hooves
and have no upper
front teeth except for
camels and llamas
The Ruminant System
Mouth
Anus
Esophagus
Rumen Reticulum
Omasum Abomasum
Large
Intestine
Small
Intestine
The Ruminant System
• Mouth
– Tongue and teeth
grasp and tear
forages
• Salivary Glands
– Produce saliva
• Provides lubrication for
swallowing
• Provides fluid to rumen
• Buffers acid production
The Ruminant System
• Esophagus
– Connects mouth to
rumen and reticulum
– Bidirectional functionality
• Allows food to pass both
ways
The Ruminant System
• Rumen
– Largest section of the 4 compartment
stomach system
– Ingested grass and hay is fermented by
microorganisms
• Cellulose is broken down
• Amino acids are synthesized
• B-complex vitamins are produced
Inside the Rumen
• Rumen is lined with papilla which
increases surface area for absorbing
vitamins and amino acids
Inside the Rumen
• Microorganisms in the rumen are made up
of a protist, fungal spore and bacteria
Protist
Fungal
Spore
Bacteria
The Ruminant System
• Reticulum
– Food bolus is formed by organ walls
contracting on food
• Honeycomb texture helps squeeze out water
– Liquids ingested by animal by-pass rumen
and go directly into reticulum
– “Hardware Stomach”
• If animal ingests metal or sharp objects they
remain here to prevent injury to system
Inside the Reticulum
The Ruminant System
• Rumination
– Food bolus from rumen moves up the
esophagus and returns to the mouth
– Animal chews food bolus into smaller pieces
and swallows again
– Food returns to the reticulum for further
processing
• The rumen and reticulum combined make
up 80% of the volume of the 4
compartment system
The Ruminant System
Forages
Liquids
Rumination
Rumen
Reticulum
The Ruminant System
• Omasum
– The 3rd compartment of the system which
receives the ruminated food bolus from the
reticulum
– Contains mayplies or folds that aid in reducing
particle size of the food bolus by grinding
together
Inside the Omasum
The Ruminant System
• Abomasum
– The 4th compartment of the system which
receives the ground food particles from the
omasum
– “True Stomach”
• Gastric juices are added to aid in digesting
• Muscle contractions mix food particles and gastric
juices
Inside the Abomasum
The Ruminant System
• Small Intestine
– Absorbs nutrients
• Partially digested feed is mixed with bile,
pancreatic juice, and intestinal juice
– Breaking down food molecules into nutrients
• Nutrients are absorbed in the last 2/3 of the
intestine
– Villi line the intestinal wall to increase surface area for
absorption
The Ruminant System
• Cecum
– Non-functioning blind pouch in-between the
small intestine and large intestine
The Ruminant System
• Large Intestine
– Absorbs water
– Minimal nutrient absorption
– Forms feces from indigestible waste
• Adds mucus membrane to aid in excretion
• Rectum
– Internal sphincter that controls excretion
• Anus
– External sphincter that controls excretion
The Ruminant System
Small
Intestine
Rectum
Esophagus
Mouth
Rumen
Pancreas
Omasum
Anus
Salivary
Glands
Cecum
Liver
Large
Intestine
Gall
Bladder
Reticulum
Abomasum
Ruminant Review
Tongue and teeth grasp food
Ruminant Review
Mouth
Ruminant Review
Produces saliva
Ruminant Review
Salivary Glands
Ruminant Review
Connects mouth to rumen and
reticulum
Ruminant Review
Esophagus
Ruminant Review
Ferments forages, contains
microorganisms that produce
vitamins and amino acids which
are absorbed through papilla
Ruminant Review
Rumen
Ruminant Review
Liquids are diverted here,
compacts the food bolus and
has a honeycomb structure
Ruminant Review
Reticulum
Ruminant Review
Contains manyplies or folds,
grinds the food bolus into small
particles
Ruminant Review
Omasum
Ruminant Review
Gastric stomach, secretes
gastric juice to digest food
particles
Ruminant Review
Abomasum
Ruminant Review
Secretes intestinal juice,
pancreatic juice and bile,
digests food particles and
absorbs nutrients
Ruminant Review
Small Intestine
Ruminant Review
Blind pouch in-between the
small intestine and large
intestine that has no function
Ruminant Review
Cecum
Ruminant Review
Absorbs water and forms feces,
adds mucus to lubricate feces
Ruminant Review
Large Intestine
Ruminant Review
Internal sphincter that controls
excretion
Ruminant Review
Rectum
Ruminant Review
External sphincter that controls
excretion
Ruminant Review
Anus
The Ruminant System
Small
Intestine
Rectum
Esophagus
Mouth
Rumen
Pancreas
Omasum
Anus
Salivary
Glands
Cecum
Liver
Large
Intestine
Gall
Bladder
Reticulum
Abomasum
The Ruminant System
Small
Intestine
Rectum
Esophagus
Mouth
Rumen
Pancreas
Omasum
Anus
Salivary
Glands
Cecum
Liver
Large
Intestine
Gall
Bladder
Reticulum
Abomasum
The Ruminant System
The Ruminant System
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Blind pouch in-between the
small intestine and large
intestine that has no function
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Connects mouth to rumen and
reticulum
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Liquids are diverted here,
compacts the food bolus and
has a honeycomb structure
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Tongue and teeth grasp food
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Absorbs water and forms feces,
adds mucus to lubricate feces
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Contains manyplies or folds,
grinds the food bolus into small
particles
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
External sphincter that controls
excretion
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Produces saliva
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Secretes intestinal juice,
pancreatic juice and bile,
digests food particles and
absorbs nutrients
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Gastric stomach, secretes
gastric juice to digest food
particles
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Internal sphincter that controls
excretion
The Ruminant System
Ruminant Review
Ferments forages, contains
microorganisms that produce
vitamins and amino acids which
are absorbed through papilla
The Ruminant System
The Ruminant System
The Ruminant System