Transcript Clarias batrachus

PRINCIPLES OF AQUACULTURE
(AKU3201)
Freshwater species
Marine species
Selection of species
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Lectures
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Classification
Freshwater fishes
Selection of species
Marine fishes
Selection of site
Culture methods
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Scientific name
• Clarias batrachus
• C. batrachus
• Clarias sp.
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Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
: Animalia
: Chordata
: Actinopterygii
: Perciformes
: Cichlidae
: Oreochromis
: O. niloticus
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Sultan Fish
• Leptobarbus hoevenii (Jelawat)
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Malayan Mahseer
• Tor tambroides (Kelah)
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Walking catfish
• Clarias batrachus (Keli bunga)
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• TILAPIA
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Tilapia: aquatic chicken
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Good growth
High fertility
Omnivorous – eat all
Cultivation at high density
Strong fish, resistant to handling
Good reputation to consumers
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Major constraint
• Precocious – Mature early
• Multiple breeding
• Overpopulation & small fishes
(stunting)-low economic value
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Solutions
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Monosex tilapia- ALL MALE
Male size > Female
Use hormone to reverse the sex
Certain breeding techniques
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Tilapia
Native to Africa & Middle East
Classified into 3 genera:
1)Tilapia
2) Saratherodon
3) Oreochromis- best species of aquaculture
According to breeding behaviour
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Mozambique Tilapia
High potential for hybridization to have
male tilapia
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Nile Tilapia
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Red tilapia
• Cross between genetic mutant of
Mozambique & Nile Tilapia
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GIFT Tilapia
• Genetically improved farmed tilapia
(GIFT)
• Tilapia selective breeding
• Choosing and breeding parents with
favorable traits
• Offspring wide body conformation
• Higher productivity, fast growth
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Striped catfish
• Pangasius hypophtalmus (Patin buah)
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River Catfish (Native)
• Mystus nemurus, Hemibagrus nemurus
(Baung)
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Snakehead
• Channa striata (Haruan)
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Marble goby
• Oxyleotris marmoratus
• (Ketutu, Ikan bodoh, ikan ubi)
• Popular among chinese community, healing
properties, fine texture, tasty white flesh
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Common carp
• Cyprinus carpio (Lee Koh)
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Invasive species
• Non-native (or alien)to the ecosystem
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Silver carp
• Hypothalmichthys molitrix (Kap perak)
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Bighead carp
Hypophtalmichtys nobilis (Kap Kepala Besar)
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Grass carp
• Ctenopharyngodon idella (Kap rumput)
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Javanese carp
Puntius gonionotus (Lampam Jawa)
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Climbing perch
• Anabas testudineus (Puyu)
• Labyrinth organ : accessory breathing
organ – used for respiration in air
• Allow to take oxygen directly from the air
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Giant Gourami
Osphronemus goramy (Kalui)
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Selection of Species
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Fast growth (Early maturation, high fecundity)
Short food chain
Efficient conversion of food
Can accept compounded feed
Disease resistance
Ease of breeding in captivity
Able to tolerate wide range of environmental
parameter
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Migration of fishes
• Diadromous = Migrate between sea &
freshwater
1) Anadromous = lives in the sea &
migrate to fresh water to breed
e.g., salmon
2) Catadromous = lives in freshwater &
migrate to the sea
e.g., eel
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Salmon
• Fish return to the exact spot where
they were born to spawn
• Die within few days or weeks after
spawning