Transcript ch 4-5-6x
Ch 4 Ecosystems & Communities OBJECTIVE 4.1 Ecosystems change as a result of Climate. 1. I will explain the difference between weather and climate by completing a Venn diagram 2. I will identify the the 3 main climate zones by stating their location on the planet ANSWER 4.1 The Role of Climate • Weather • Climate • day-to-day condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place. – cloudy • the average yearafter-year conditions of temperature and precipitation – Dry desert • The 3 climate zones by temperature 1. Polar cold 2. Temperate moderate 3. Tropical hot Polar zone Temperate zone Tropical zone Temperate zone Polar zone • The causes of the 3 climate zones 1. differences in latitude 2. the angle of heating Climate is affected by differences in a) latitude & b) sun angle effect Sun angle: Sunlight Latitude: 90°N North Pole Arctic Circle Sunlight Most direct sunlight Climate: Polar 66.5°N Temperate Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn 23.5°N 0° Tropical 23.5°S Sunlight Temperate Antarctic Circle Sunlight 66.5°S 90°S South Pole HW p. 89 # 1, 2, 3 Polar OBJECTIVE 4.2.1) Biodiversity is the sum total of different kinds of organisms I will identify the interactions that occur in communities by completing a matching column 4.2.2) Ecosystems thrive depending on the availability of resources I will identify the differences between primary and secondary succession by completing a Venn diagram ANSWER Ecosystem Facts • Describe the 2 factors in an ecosystem: 1. abiotic – Physical, or nonliving, factors that shape ecosystems 2. biotic – all the living things in an ecosystem • What is a niche? • An organism’s – Habitat – Address – Occupation – The biological and physical conditions in which an organism lives and works • What are community • interactions? • The action of 2 or more things that have an effect on each other Explain the following relationships: a. Predation b. Symbiosis o c. Mutualism + d. Commensalism +/o e. Parasitism - a. predation - one organism captures and feeds on another (hawk and mouse) b. symbiosis - two species live closely together (Rhino & Tickbird) c. mutualism - both species benefit from the relationship. (butterfly & flower) and the other is neither helped nor harmed. (barnacle & whale) e. Parasitism - one organism lives on or inside another organism AND HARMS IT. (tapeworm) To lose weight in the old days, people ate tapeworms!!! Ecological Succession • A series of predictable changes that occurs in a community over time • 2 types of succession: – Primary – Secondary • 1o succession occurs on surfaces where no soil exists after a DEVASTATION • The first species to populate the area are called pioneer species. • EXAMPLES: Predictable changes effect ecological succession (Ring of Fire) Mt. St. Helen’s eruption 1980 no soil exists after a DEVASTATION (primary succession) DEVASTATION (primary succession) • Primary Succession: •A COMPLETE AND TOTAL WIPE-OUT No soil exists – devastation 1. In this example, a volcanic 2. The first organisms that eruption has destroyed the appear are pioneer organisms previous ecosystem. NO SOIL called lichens. EXISTS Lichens are: Algae And fungus 3. Mosses soon appear, and grasses take root in the thin layer of soil. 4. Eventually, tree seedlings and shrubs sprout among the plant community. primary succession is complete Devastation causes bare rock where no soil exists Primary Succession Secondary Succession • When an ecosystem can be changed by natural events, such as fires, earthquakes, tornadoes • When the disturbance is over, community interactions tend to restore the ecosystem to its original condition through secondary succession. • A little life remains after the natural event • EXAMPLE: Tornado: A little life remains after the natural event A little life remains A little life remains A little life remains after the natural event Secondary Succession Compare Primary & Secondary Succession No soil exists A little life remains HW. p. 97 # 1, 2, 3 OBJECTIVE 4.3 Biomes are created by the differences in climates I will tell the difference between biomes by observing pictures and completing a table, then create a biome travel brochure ANSWER Travel Brochure 100 points • Take out a sheet of paper and fold into 3, like a brochure, horizontally, landscape style. • Put the following directions on your practice brochure. • Pick up directions for making a travel brochure on one of the Biomes after seeing it on the screen. • You can work with a partner. Travel Brochure- unlined paper that is 8.5 x 11 size, to be folded in a tri-fold Front cover needs: 15 points – name of biome large enough to see – color picture of the location – a catchy phrase to attract customers Front Cover Tundra • Travel Brochure Inside left 20 points must include – facts and – pictures of the: • Abiotic factors (non-living things found in the area) • Biotic factors (living things found in the area – both plants & animals) Abiotic & Biotic Factors Travel Brochure • Inside middle: 20 points – What attractions would make someone pay to go on vacation in this Biome? Explanations AND pictures Abiotic Factors Attractions • Inside right: 20 points Pictures & explanations – Accommodations – where will they stay? (Igloo, Treehouse, Tent?) – What will they do? – (restaurants, nightlife) Abiotic Factors Attractions Accommodations • Back left page: 15 points Climatogram a) Add a picture of a climatogram for this biome b) Explain what a climatogram shows c) Describe the weather and precipitation of this biome Left b) What does a climatogram show? c) Describe the weather & precipitation of this biome Travel Brochure • Back middle page: 10pts pick a major animal in this biome and draw and label it’s food chain Pictures and explanations Animal Food chain Back Travel Brochure • All pictures must be in color, either drawn, from magazines or the internet 10 points • Make sure all writing is done on the computer, or cut/pasted as needed.