Transcript What type of digestive system is this?

Veterinary Technology
Chapter 7
•Describe the basic function of the primary
components of the digestive system.
• Compare the function and location of the
digestive organs to those in the monogastric,
modified monogastric and ruminant digestive
systems.
• Explain the difference between and
identify diagrams of the different types of
digestive systems of various animals.
The process by which food is taken into the
body and broken down into smaller molecules.
Digestion must happen before absorption
The remnants on non-nutritional portions are
eliminated.
Digestive System Structures
 Teeth are used to gather, cut and grind the food.
 Page #92 Differences between:
 Carnivore
 Herbivore
 Omnivore
Parts of the tooth:
- Crown vs. Root
- Enamel: hardest substance in body!
- Dentin: majority
Digestive System Structures
 “Baby” teeth = AKA: deciduous teeth
 Teeth are classified by function:
 Incisor: foremost – used to bite the food
 Canine: longest teeth – used for tearing food
 Premolars: used for crushing and grinding food
 Molar: used for crushing and grinding food
 Equine Teeth
Floating/Aging System
Digestive System Structures
 In all types of digestive systems, digestion begins in the mouth.
 Saliva is produced by 4 salivary glands (page 94)
 The tongue (skeletal muscle)
 Esophagus = food pipe, 4 layers
 1. Epithelial lining AKA mucosa
 2. & 3. two layers of smooth muscle
 4. Connective tissue covering AKA serosa
 Pharynx = posterior portion of throat
 Larynx = voice box
 Trachea = wind pipe
 Epiglottis = flap that protects larynx/trachea/esophagus
Digestive System Structures
 Peristalsis = process that moves food bolus through the
esophagus.
 All of these are common to all types of digestive systems. The
four main types are
 1. Monogastric
 2. Ruminant
 3. Avian
 4. Pesudo-Ruminant
Humans, swine, dogs and cats all have a simple
stomach, which is also known as a monogastric
digestive system.
Theses animals are designed to consume
concentrates.
The simple, one chambered stomach is divided
into 3 regions.
Parts and functions of the monogastric
mammal digestive system
•Mouth
-gather and chew feed using tongue and teeth
-salivary glands moisten feed to aid in swallowing
-saliva begins the carbohydrate breakdown with salivary amylase
• Esophagus
-tube from mouth to stomach that is open at the mouth end
-separated from stomach by the esophageal sphincter
• Stomach
-muscular gland lined sac that receives ingesta from the
esophagus and conducts both physical and chemical digestion
-primary secretions:
pepsin - enzyme that digests protein;
hydrochlorides - acids that aid in protein digestion
Parts and functions of the monogastric
mammal digestive system continued…
•Small Intestine
-enzymatic digestion and absorption
-Functions of the small intestine: digestion of
proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; absorption of
the end products of digestion
1. duodenum - most digestion occurs here
2. jejunum - some digestion and some
absorption occur
3. ileum - mostly absorption
-Bile - made in liver, stored in gall bladder, active in
the small intestine, emulsifies fat to aid in
digestion
Parts and functions of the monogastric
mammal digestive system continued…
•Enzymes in the small intestine
Parts and functions of the monogastric
mammal digestive system continued…
•Cecum - essentially non functioning in many
monogastrics. Rabbits and horses have an enlarged
cecum that acts like a rumen and is involved with
microbial digestion (fermentation)
• Large Intestine
-bacterial activity
-water absorption
-waste storage
Known as a modified
monogastric system
Parts and functions of the avian digestive
system
•Mouth/Beak - gather and break down feed
• Esophagus - tube from mouth to stomach that is
open at the mouth end
• Crop - feed storage and moistening
• Proventriculus - glandular stomach (HCI and gastric
juices); enzymatic
• Gizzard - muscular stomach; mechanical breakdown
Parts and functions of the avian
digestive system continued…
•Small Intestine - enzymatic digestion and absorption
-Functions of the small intestine: digestion of
proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; absorption of
the end products of digestion
-Enzymes in the small intestine
• Large Intestine
-bacterial activity
-water absorption
-waste storage
• Cloaca - common chamber for GI and urinary tracts
• Vent - common exit for GI and urinary tracts
Sheep, cows, and goats are examples of
animals with complex stomachs, which are also
known as ruminant digestive systems
Parts and functions of the ruminant
digestive system
Ruminants are characterized by
having a stomach with four
compartments
Rumination - the regurgitation,
rechewing and reswallowing of
ingested food
Cud - mass of regurgitated ingesta;
bolus
1.
Anus
7. Reticulum
2.
Rectum
8. Esophagus
3.
Cecum
9. Abomasum
4.
Colon
10. Omasum
5.
Duodenum
11. Small Intestine
6.
Rumen
Process of rumination
1. regurgitate bolus from rumen
2. rechew and reinsalivate
3. reswallow
4. repeat with another bolus
Parts and functions of the ruminant
digestive system continued…
• Mouth
-contains dental pad, teeth, tongue and saliva
-saliva contains no salivary amylase
• Esophagus
-tube from mouth to stomach
-tube from stomach to mouth
Parts and functions of the ruminant
digestive system continued…
• Rumen - large fermentation vat; also called the "paunch"
-anaerobic
-Temperature = 39oC (103oF)
-saturated with gasses
-constant motion
Lining of the rumen
Parts and functions of the ruminant
digestive system continued…
• Functions of Microorganisms
-digest roughages to make Volatile Fatty Acids
-make protein
-make vitamins K and B complex
(Very similar to cecum of rabbit and horse)
The function of the rumen is to house microorganisms.
Parts and functions of the ruminant
digestive system continued…
• Reticulum - "honeycomb"
-houses microorganisms
-catches hardware (ingested by animal)
-houses the opening to the omasum
• Omasum - "manyplies“ or “book”
-full of folded tissue
-water absorption
• Abomasum - true stomach
-pepsin
-HCl
Parts and functions of the ruminant
digestive system continued…
•Small Intestine
-enzymatic digestion and absorption
-Functions of the small intestine: digestion of
proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; absorption
of the end products of digestion
1.duodenum
2.jejunum
3.ileum
•Cecum - some microbial fermentation
•Large Intestine
-water absorption
-waste storage
Pigs, Rabbits, Horses, Chickens, and Humans have
a simple stomach or a monogastric digestive
system
Cows, Sheep and Goats have a complex stomach
or a ruminant digestive system
What type of digestive system is this?
Ruminant
What type of digestive system is this?
Avian
Monogastric
System
(modified monogastric)
What type of system is this?
Monogastric