Transcript College Board - AP Higher Ed Template

AP® Physics 1: Algebra-Based &
AP® Physics 2: Algebra-Based
An Overview of the Course Redesign
When Will the Course and
Exam Change?
 New courses will be taught
starting 2014-15
 First AP Physics 1 and
2 Exams: May 2015
 Curriculum Framework available
as of Fall 2012 at
advancesinap.collegeboard.org
Why Change?
 To emphasize scientific inquiry and reasoning
 To respond to changes recommended by the
National Research Council and the National
Science Foundation
 To ensure ongoing alignment with parallel
college courses
 To support teachers in their efforts to foster
students’ deep understanding of science
A Tour of the AP Physics 1 and
AP Physics 2 Courses
Redesigned AP Physics B Course
and Exam
 A two-year sequence of
advanced study replaces
current AP Physics B course
– AP Physics 1: Algebra-based
– AP Physics 2: Algebra-based
 AP Physics C will not be
changing
Topics Covered in
AP Physics 1 and 2 Courses
AP Course
AP Physics 1
Introductory Algebra-Based Physics Course With a Focus on:
kinematics; Newton’s laws of motion; torque; rotation motion
and angular momentum; gravitation and circular motion; work,
energy and power; linear momentum; oscillations, mechanical
waves and sound; introduction to electric circuits
AP Physics 2
Introductory Algebra-Based Physics Course With a Focus on:
fluid statics and dynamics; thermodynamics with kinetic
theory, PV diagrams and probability; electrostatics; electric
circuits with capacitors; magnetic fields; electromagnetism;
physical and geometric optics; topics in modern physics
The Curriculum Framework
 Detailed curriculum
framework
 Emphasis on integrating
inquiry and conceptual
reasoning
 Specific learning
objectives derived from
science practices and
essential knowledge
AP Physics 1 and 2
Curriculum Framework
7 Big Ideas
Enduring Understandings
Essential Knowledge
Science Practices:
Science Inquiry & Reasoning
Learning Objectives
Curriculum Framework: Big Ideas
The unifying concepts or big ideas increase coherence
both within and across disciplines. There are seven big
ideas for AP Physics 1 and 2:
1
2
Objects and systems have properties such as mass and
charge. Systems may have internal structure.
BIG IDEA
3
The interactions of an object with other objects an be
described by forces.
BIG IDEA
4
Interactions between systems can result in changes in
those systems.
BIG IDEA
BIG IDEA
Fields existing in space can be used to explain
interactions.
Curriculum Framework: Big Ideas
BIG IDEA
5
Changes that occur as a result of interactions are
constrained by conservation laws.
BIG IDEA
6
Waves can transfer energy and momentum from one
location to another without the permanent transfer of
mass and serve as a mathematical model for the
description of other phenomena.
BIG IDEA
7
The mathematics of probability can be used to describe
the behavior of complex systems and to interpret the
behavior of quantum mechanical systems.
Building Enduring Understandings
For each big idea, there are enduring understandings, which
incorporate core concepts that students should retain.
BIG IDEA
3
The interactions of an object with other objects can be
described by forces.
Enduring Understanding 3.A: All forces share certain common
characteristics when considered by observers in inertial reference frames.
Enduring Understanding 3.B: Classically, the acceleration of an object
interacting with other objects can be predicted by using
.
Enduring Understanding 3.C: At the macroscopic level, forces can be
categorized as either long-range (action-at-a-distance) forces or contact
forces.
Enduring Understanding 3.D: A force exerted on an object can change the
momentum of the object.
Enduring Understanding 3.E: A force exerted on an object can change the
kinetic energy of the object.
Enduring Understanding 3.F: A force exerted on an object can cause a
torque on that object.
Enduring Understanding 3.G: Certain types of
forces are considered fundamental.
Building Essential Knowledge
Each enduring understanding is followed by
statements of the essential knowledge necessary to
support that understanding.
BIG IDEA
3
The interactions of an object with other objects can be
described by forces.
Enduring Understanding 3.A: All forces share certain common
characteristics when considered by observers in inertial
reference frames.
Essential Knowledge 3.A.3: A force exerted on an object is always
due to the interaction of that object with another object.
a. An object cannot exert a force on itself.
b. Even though an object is at rest, there may be forces
exerted on that object by other objects.
c. The acceleration of an object, but not necessarily its
velocity, is always in the direction of the net force
exerted on the object by other objects.
Emphasis on Science Practices
Science Practices define the skills students will use to
demonstrate Essential Knowledge in each subject area.
The science practices enable students to establish lines of evidence...
SCIENCE
PRACTICES
1.0 The student can use representations and models to communicate
scientific phenomena and solve scientific problems.
2.0 The student can use mathematics appropriately.
3.0 The student can engage in scientific questioning to extend
thinking or to guide investigations within the context
of the AP course.
4.0 Student can plan and implement data collection strategies in relation to
a particular scientific question.
5.0 The student can perform data analysis and evaluation of evidence.
6.0 The student can work with scientific explanations and theories.
7.0 The student can connect and relate knowledge across various scales,
concepts, and representations in and across domains.
Clearly Articulated Science Practices
Underpin Each Course
SCIENCE
PRACTICES
6.0
The student can work with scientific explanations
and theories.
6.1 The student can justify claims with evidence.
6.2 The student can construct explanations of
phenomena based on evidence produced through
scientific practices.
6.3 The student can articulate the reasons that scientific
explanations and theories are refined or replaced.
6.4 The student can make claims and predictions
about natural phenomena based on scientific theories
and models.
6.5 The student can evaluate alternative
scientific explanations.
An AP Physics 1 example of Integrating
the Content and the Science Practice:
Content
Essential
Knowledge 3.A.3:
A force exerted on an
object is always due
to the interaction of
that object with
another object.
Science
Practice
Learning
Objective
Science Practice
6.4:
Learning Objective
(3.A.3.1):
The student can
make claims and
predictions about
natural phenomena
based on scientific
theories and models.
The student is able to
analyze a scenario and
make claims (develop
arguments, justify
assertions) about the
forces exerted on an
object by other objects
for different types of
forces or components
of forces.
An AP Physics 2 example of Integrating
the Content and the Science Practice:
Content
Essential
Knowledge 3.A.3:
A force exerted on an
object is always due
to the interaction of
that object with
another object.
Science
Practice
Learning
Objective
Science Practice
6.4:
Learning Objective
(3.A.3.4):
The student can
make claims and
predictions about
natural phenomena
based on scientific
theories and models.
The student is able to
make claims about the
force on an object due
to the presence of
other objects with the
same property: mass,
electric charge.
Curriculum Framework:
Other Components
Connection Statements:
Found following essential knowledge
statements that do not have stated
learning objectives.
This type of essential knowledge serves
as a necessary foundation that will be
applied in other learning objectives found
either within that same enduring
understanding or in multiple enduring
understandings throughout the Curriculum Framework.
Boundary Statements:
Provide guidance to teachers regarding the content boundaries for
both AP Physics 1 and 2 courses.
Content Connection Statements
Essential Knowledge 1.A.1:
A system is an object or a collection of objects.
Objects are treated as having no internal structure.
a. A collection of particles in which internal interactions change little
or not at all, or in which changes in these interactions are
irrelevant to the question addressed, can be treated as an object.
b. Some elementary particles are fundamental particles (e.g.,
electrons). Protons and neutrons are composed of fundamental
particles (i.e., quarks) and might be treated as either systems or
objects, depending on the question being addressed.
c. The electric charges on neutrons and protons result from their
quark compositions.
CONTENT
CONNECTION
(1.A.1)
This essential knowledge does not produce a specific learning
objective but serves as a foundation for other learning
objectives in the course.
Examples of Content Boundaries
Between AP Physics 1 and 2:
Big Idea 3
Enduring Understanding 3.A
All forces share certain common characteristics when
considered by observers in inertial reference frames.
Boundary Statement
AP Physics 2 has learning objectives under this enduring understanding
that focus on electric and magnetic forces and other forces arising in
the context of interactions introduced in Physics 2, rather than the
mechanical systems introduced in Physics 1.
New Emphasis on Student-Centered,
Inquiry-Based Investigations
Laboratory emphasis
on students —
inquiry-based,
hands-on, integrated,
investigative and
collaborative.
The AP Physics 1 and
AP Physics 2 Exams
How the Learning Objectives Will
be Assessed
 Questions require students to show their ability to solve
problems mathematically—including symbolically — but with
less emphasis on mathematical routines used for solutions
 Questions relating to lab experience and analytical skills:
Designing and describing experiments, data, and
error analysis
 Questions asking for explanations, reasoning, or justification
of answers
 More emphasis on deeper, conceptual understanding
 Require interpreting and developing conceptual models
AP Physics 1 Draft Exam Design
AP Physics 1
Multiple-Choice Section
90 Min | 50% of Exam Grade
50 to 55 multiple-choice questions:
 Discrete items
 Item sets
 Multi-correct items
AP Physics 1
Free-Response Section
90 Min | 50% of Exam Grade | 5 Questions
 Experimental Design (1)
 Quantitative/Qualitative Translation (1)
 Short Answer (3)
AP Physics 1 Multiple-Choice Question
- Draft
A race car going around a flat, unbanked circular track
gradually increases speed as it completes one full trip
around the track. Which of the following can explain
why the car gains speed?
(A) Energy stored in the car’s fuel is converted to
mechanical energy.
(B) A component of the frictional force exerted by the
ground on the car’s tires is directed toward the center
of the circle.
(C) A component of the frictional force exerted by the ground
on the tires is in the direction of the car’s motion.
(D) The car’s velocity and acceleration are perpendicular.
AP Physics 1 Free-Response Question:
Experimental Design - Draft
You are given a set of chimes that consists of eight hollow metal tubes
open at both ends, like those shown above. The chimes are played by
striking them with a small hammer to produce musical sounds. Your task
is to use the chimes to determine the speed of sound in air at room
temperature. You have available a set of tuning forks and other common
laboratory equipment but are not allowed to use electronic equipment,
such as a sound sensor. (A tuning fork vibrates when struck and produces
sound at a particular frequency, which is printed on the tuning fork.)
(a) Describe your experimental procedure in enough detail
so that another student could perform your experiment.
Include what measurements you will take and how
you will take them.
AP Physics 2 Draft Exam Design
AP Physics 2
Multiple-Choice Section
90 Min | 50% of Exam Grade
50 to 55 multiple-choice questions:
 Discrete items
 Item sets
 Multi-correct items
AP Physics 2
Free-Response Section
90 Min | 50% of Exam Grade | 4 Questions
 Experimental design (1)
 Quantitative/qualitative translation (1)
 Short answer (2)
AP Physics 2 Multiple-Choice Question Draft
The figure above shows a pipe of height HP and cross-sectional area
AP attached to the top of a tank of height HT and cross-sectional area
AT. The pipe and tank are completely filled with water. The force
exerted by the water on the bottom of the tank depends on which of
the given quantities?
(A) AP
(C) HP
(B) AT
(D) HT
AP Physics 2 Free-Response Question:
Quantitative/Qualitative Translation Draft
The figure above represents a glass lens that has one flat
surface and one curved surface. After incoming parallel
rays pass through the lens, the rays pass through a focal
point. The focal length f is the distance from the center of
the lens to the focal point.
(a) The rays undergo refraction and change direction at
the right surface of the lens, as shown. Explain
why the angle of refraction of ray 1 is greater
than that of ray 2.
Preparing for the New Courses
 For new teacher support resources
and professional development
opportunities, visit:
– advancesinap.collegeboard.org
 Right now you can
– Explore the Curriculum Framework.
– Discuss the upcoming changes with
your department chair or principal.
– Meet with your Vertical Team.
– Become familiar with the AP Course
Audit process.
Thank You!
On behalf of the Advanced
Placement Program®, thank you
very much for taking your time to
learn more about the upcoming
changes to AP® Physics B.
We look forward to partnering
with you as you build students’
success in your AP Physics program
and prepare them for the future!