Transcript File
ARISTOTLE’S (384-322 B.C.) IMPETUS THEORY OF MOTION 1. Objects fall toward the Earth because it wants to return to its “natural place”. 2. Heavy objects fall faster than lighter ones. 3. Objects fall faster in air than in water due to the resisting force of the medium. 4. Objects move away from their natural force . This “violent motion” is caused by an outside force. Trajectories of Projectiles According to Aristotle’s Impetus Theory REASONS FOR THE PERSISTENCE OF ARISTOTLE’S NOTION FOR FORCE 1. 2. 3. The theory was consistent with common sense and observation. No other theories about motion were known during the time. The quantitative method of observation to prove the validity of the theory was not yet developed GALILEO’S EXPERIMENTAL FINDINGS 1. Both heavy and light objects fell and struck the Earth at the same time. 2. When a ball was rolled down an incline at a fixed angle θ, the ratio of the distance covered to the square of the corresponding time is always the same. 3. When the angle of inclination was changed, the constant also changed. 4. The constant, d/t2, is also the constant for a falling object. GALILEO’S FINDINGS HEAVY light d = k t2 NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION - Established the relationship between motion and force FIRST LAW – LAW OF INERTIA Every object tends to remain at rest or move with a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net force. NET FORCE – summation of all forces acting on a given body INERTIA – measure of the mass of an object Examples: a. Passenger tends to move forward when a car suddenly stops. b. A moving car in uniform motion slows down when the brake is applied. FIRST LAW – LAW OF INERTIA More Mass = More Inertia Who has the higher inertia? The net force acting on an object is the vector sum of all the forces acting on it. Examples: 9N 8N 8N 4N 7N 12 N 6N 8N ? 5N 4N If an object remains at rest, it is incorrect to assume that there are no forces acting on the object. We can only conclude that the net force on the object is zero. 4N 3N 7N MOTION OF AN OBJECT BASED ON DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES INSIDE OUTSIDE Force is either a push or pull Application of the Law of Inertia Determine the resultant, or net force, exerted on the stationary elephant by the two clowns in the figure below. What is the tension in the rope attached to the elephant? This is a 3-4-5 triangle. Therefore, the resultant is 500 N. Now we have to calculate the angle. Tangent will help us calculate that angle. Now the final answer is The tension in the rope is 500 N, because the net force exerted by the clowns is transmitted to the rope. CALVIN AND HOBBS’ LOOPHOLES IN NEWTON’S FIRST LAW OF MOTION