Transcript Digestive and Excretory Systems

Digestive and Excretory
Systems
Vocabulary Lesson 3
1. saliva – a liquid in your mouth that
starts to break down the food you eat
2. peristalsis – the squeezing action of
organs that moves food all the way
through the digestive system
3. pancreas – the digestive organ that
makes pancreatic juices, which help
break down starches, proteins, and fats
4. bile – a digestive fluid made by the
liver, helps digest fats
5. gallbladder – the organ in the
digestive system that stores bile
6. digestion – is the process of
breaking down food into a form your
body can use
7. nutrients – are substances in food
that the body needs to work properly
1. What happens in your
mouth?
– a. Teeth chop and
grind food into smaller
pieces
– b. Chopped food mixes
with saliva that helps
break down food
i. Liquids are called
digestive juices
– c. More saliva is made
when you eat
2. What happens in your
esophagus and stomach?
–
–
–
a. After swallowing, food goes
to the esophagus
b. Food is moved by a wavelike,
squeezing action called
peristalsis
c. Food then enters the
stomach, which is a hollow,
muscular organ that breaks
down food
i. Glands in the stomach make acid
and other digestive juices
ii. The walls squeeze food and mix it
with juices to form a thick liquid
3. What happens in your small and large
intestines?
a. Food enters the small intestines after the stomach
(90% of all nutrient absorption occurs here)… the
small intestine is 1 inch in diameter and about 22
feet in length. Food takes 3-5 hours going
through it
b. The pancreas
makes pancreatic
juices that break
down starches,
proteins, and fats in
the food
c. Cells in the
pancreas also make
a hormone called
insulin, which helps
your body use
sugar
– d. The liver is another
digestive organ that makes
a fluid called bile, which
flows into the gallbladder –
it is the bodies 2nd largest
organ, after the skin.
– e. Gallbladder stores bile,
and doesn’t make any of
it’s own fluids
i. Bile is squirted out when
fats enter the small intestines
– f. nutrients enter the blood
in the small intestines
though capillaries
– g. not all food can be
digested in the body –
those parts pass to the
large intestines
i. wider and shorter than
small intestines
ii. takes most of the
remaining water out of food
and forms solid waste
removed during a bowel
movement
iii. Eating food with water
and indigestive materials,
like fresh fruits and
vegetables help the large
intestine empty regularly
Fun Food facts
Americans eat about 100,000 pounds of
food in a lifetime; or about 3.6 pounds a
day
Swallowed food moves in to the throat at
20-25 feet per second
The average meal takes between 15 hours
and 2 days to pass through the entire
alimentary canal
A growling stomach can signal hunger or
just regular digestion… peristaltic waves
rippling through the stomach and small
intestine vibrate gas and fluids to cause
“rumbling”
Problems of the Digestive System
Indigestion – stomach ache –
antacids or medication
Heartburn – acid in the esophagus –
antacids or medication to reduce acid
Diarrhea – sudden passing of solid
waste with excess fluid – medication
Constipation – infrequent passing of
solid waste that is difficult –
medication and fluids
Ulcers – open sore in the lining of the
stomach or small intestine – antacids
and antibiotics; avoid foods that
irritate the stomach; manage stress
Appendicitis – inflammation of the
appendix – surgery
Hemorrhoids – swollen tissue of the
rectum and anus – eating fiber,
surgery
Stomach and colon cancer – tumor in
stomach, colon or rectum – surgery,
chemo and radiation…may be
prevented by eating a healthy diet
Review Lesson 3
What does the
digestive system
do?
What happens to
food in the
stomach?
How do the
materials in food
get to the cells of
your body?
Vocabulary Lesson 4
1. kidneys – two bean-shaped organs
that remove most of the extra water and
cell wastes from your blood
2. urine – the liquid waste filtered from
the blood by the kidneys
3. ureter – a narrow tube that comes out
of each kidney and connects to the
urinary bladder
4. urethra – a tube connected to the
bladder that releases urine outside of the
body
1. How does the
urinary system get
rid of waste?
– a. Make up of
kidneys, bladder, and
tubes – all hold liquid
waste
– b. Kidneys are in your
back at about waist
level, look like 2
beans
i. Remove most of the
cell wastes and extra
water from the blood
ii. Water and waste
combine to form urine
– c. a narrow tube
called the ureter
comes out of
each kidney and
connect to the
urinary bladder
(bag-like)
– d. bladder fills
with urine and
then is released
through a tube
called the
urethra
2. How does your skin help
get rid of waste?
– a. Sweat glands remove water,
salt, and other waste from the
blood in the form of
perspiration, or sweat
– b. Sweat leaves your body
through small openings in the
skin called pores, water in the
sweat evaporates, other wastes
stay on skin until you wash
them away
– c. The excretory system helps
keep wastes from remaining in
your body, which keeps your
cells healthy
3. Lungs remove carbon dioxide waste
i. Blood delivers oxygen and picks up
carbon dioxide given off by your cells
ii. Carbon dioxide moves through the body
to the capillaries in the alveoli and into the
lungs
iii. It then leaves the body when you
breathe out
Urinary System Problems
Urinary tract infection (UTI) – infection
caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or
parasites – more common in women than
men – antibiotics or antiviral drugs; may
be prevented by drinking water and
urinating frequently, avoiding tight
clothing
Stones – Crystallized mineral chunks form
in the kidneys and bladder – medications
dissolve the stones, ultrasound waves
crush the stones, or surgery; may be
prevented by drinking water and eating
healthy
Urinary incontinence – uncontrollable
loss of urine – treated by medication
and sometimes surgery
Overactive or neurogenic bladder –
inability to control urination caused
by nerve damage – treated by
medication, surgery or inserting a
catheter
Review Lesson 4
What is the job of your excretory
system?
What does your urinary bladder do?
How do the sweat glands remove
wastes from your body?