Transcript Presentation

Pre-Class Tuesday 9-3-13
What are the four
states of matter?
Chapter 3
Kinetic Theory of Matter
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All matter is made up of particles
Particles are always in motion.
Particles interact with each other.
As the temperature increases, the
particles move faster.
• If the motion of particles of matter
increase enough, the matter may
change phase or state.
Increasing energy
Particle speed increases
Changing Phase (State)
Gas
Evaporate (heat of vaporization:
the amount of energy needed to
turn liquid into gas, different for
every material)
Liquid
Melt (heat of fusion: the amount
of energy needed to turn solid into
liquid, different for every material)
Solid
Heat Curve
PHASE LAB
• Each group needs:
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–
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Hot plate
Thermometer
Beaker
Ice
• Record the
temperature of the ice
every 2 minutes as it
changes state from
solid to steam
• Graph temperature
vs. time
Time (min)
0
2
4
6
8
10
And so on
T (oC)
Pre-Class Wednesday 9+4=13
In the lab yesterday, what happened to
the temperature after the water began
to boil? Hint: look at the picture below.
Pre-Class Thursday 9-5-13
Thinking back to the presentation
by our guest speaker yesterday,
name (and briefly describe) one
thing you learned about applying
science in the Army.
States of
Matter
• Solid: rigid structure, definite shape and volume
• Liquid: fast moving particles, indefinite shape but
definite volume
• Gas: faster moving particles, indefinite shape and
volume
• Plasma: gas that conducts electricity
Changing
States
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Melt: changes from solid to liquid
Evaporate: changes from liquid to gas
Desublimate (or deposition): changes from gas to solid
Condense: changes from gas to liquid
Freeze: changes from liquid to solid
Sublimate: changes from solid to gas
FLUID PRINCIPLES
• Bernoulli
– as the velocity of a fluid increases, the
pressure inside of the fluid decreases
• Pascal
– pressure is evenly distributed
throughout a fluid
• Archimedes
– the buoyant force is equal to the volume
of the fluid displaced
Pre-Class Friday 9-6-13
Which of the following uses
Bernoulli’s principle?
a) Buoyancy
b) Flying
c) Boat
d) Toothpaste
P=F/A
P : pressure (Pa)
F : force (N)
2
A : area (m )
Pre-Class Monday 9-9-13
Costume Party
Fiona, George, Rachel, and Patrick are planning their
costumes for a party. Each will wear a different
costume. There will be a pirate, a ghost, a Martian,
and a gorilla.
- No one will have a costume that begins with the
same letter as the name of the person wearing it.
- The Martian is a boy.
- The gorilla is a girl.
- Patrick likes science fiction and space characters.
- Fiona didn't want to be a ghost this year.
Which costume will each of the party-goers wear?
Fiona will be the gorilla. George will be the pirate.
Rachel will be the ghost. Patrick will be the Martian.
Gas Laws
• Boyle’s Law
– As the pressure in a
gas increases, the
volume decreases
(constant temperature)
– As the pressure in a
gas decreases, the
volume increases
(constant temperature)
Gas Laws
• Charles’ Law
– As the temperature in a gas decreases, the
volume also decreases (constant pressure)
– As the temperature in a gas increases, the
volume also increases (constant pressure)
Gas Laws
• Gay-Lussac’s Law
– As the pressure in a gas increases,
the temperature increases
(constant volume)
– As the pressure in a gas decreases,
the temperature decreases
(constant volume)
Pre-class Tuesday 9-10-13
The idea that the volume of a gas
increases with increasing
temperature provided pressure does
not change is _____.
A. Boyle’s Law
B. Archimedes’ Principle
C. Charles’ Law
D. Bernoulli’s Principle