Transcript states of matter

The Four States of Matter
• The states of matter are the
physical forms in which a
substance can exist.
• Solid
• Liquid
• Gas
• Plasma
Particles of Matter
Matter is made up of particles which are
always in motion and are always bumping
into one another
PARTICLES OF MATTER
• The way the particles interact with each other
helps decide the state of the matter.
SOLIDS
• The particles in a solid vibrate
in place while remaining
‘locked’ together
• Particles move slow
• Fixed shape and fixed volume
• This means that the shape and
volume of the object does not
change when moved from one
place to another
Heat
LIQUID
– Particles in a liquid roll around
each other but remain in
contact
– Particles move fast enough to slide
over one another but not fast
enough to break free of each other
– Have a fixed volume but not shape
• This means that liquids change their
shape to fit the container it is in, but it
does not change volume when moved
Heat
GAS
– Particles in a gas move freely
and spread out
– Particles in a gas are very
fast
– Have no real shape or volume
• This means it changes shape
and volume to fill whatever
container it’s in, whether it’s a
balloon, a jar, or the classroom
Heat
PLASMA
 A plasma is an ionized
(electrically charged)
gas.
 Plasmas, like gases, have
no real shape or volume
 Plasmas happen when the
temperature rises above
1000 degrees!
Some places where plasmas are found…
1. Flames
2. Lightning
3. Aurora (Northern Lights)
The Sun is an example of a star in its
plasma state
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID
Tightly packed, in
a regular pattern
Vibrate, but do not
move from place
to place
LIQUID
Close together
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate, move
about, and slide
past each other
GAS
Well separated
with no regular
arrangement.
Vibrate and move
freely at high
speeds
PLASMA
Has no definite
volume or shape
and is composed
of electrical
charged particles
Phase Changes
• A change of state is the change of a
substance from one physical form to
another.
PHASE CHANGES
Description of
Phase Change
Solid to
liquid
Term for Phase
Change
Melting
Liquid to
Freezing
solid
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Heat goes into
the solid as it
melts.
Heat leaves the
liquid as it
freezes.
PHASE CHANGES
Description of
Phase Change
Liquid to
gas
Term for Phase
Change
Evaporation
Heat Movement During
Phase Change
Heat goes into the
liquid as it
evaporates.
Gas to liquid Condensation
Heat leaves the gas
as it condenses.
Solid to gas
Heat goes into the
solid as it sublimates.
Sublimation