Transcript Small intestine

Digestive and Circulatory
Systems Review
Identify the 6 class of nutrients.
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Vitamins
Lipids
Water
Minerals
Explain what a food label tells you.
The nutritional facts found in processed
foods.
1. Identify the following
information for the food to the
left.
a. Serving size 2 crackers
b. Total carbohydrates 10g
c. Calories 60
d. Protein 2g
2. How many calories would you
consume if you ate 2 servings
of these crackers?
120 calories
Identify each structure labeled in the diagram.
oral cavity
gall bladder
large
intestine
stomach
pancreas
small intestine
rectum
1. Where does protein digestion
begin?
In the stomach
2. What is the function of F?
Absorb water
3. Where are nutrients absorbed
into the blood?
In the small intestine
4. What does C produce? Where does
it go?
Pancreatic juice
Goes to the small intestine
5. What is the function of G?
store bile
6. Chemical digestion is completed in
this structure.
small intestine
7. What type of digestion occurs in
A?
mechanical and chemical
1.What is the name of this process? What is
its function?
•peristalsis
•To push food through the digestive tract
1.Where in the digestive tract does this
process occur?
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
1. What is structure F? What is the function of this
substance?
•to produce bile
•liver
2. Identify structure B. What kind of digestion occurs
here? •stomach •chemical digestion
3. What is the function of structure A?
The esophagus pushes food down into the
stomach using peristalsis.
1. Through which of these structures does food pass?
Esophagus (A)
Small intestine (D)
Stomach (B)
1. Which organs are not part of the gastrovascular tract?
How do they aid in digestion?
•Liver (F) – produces bile that goes to the SI
•Gall bladder (E) – stores bile
•Pancreas (C) – releases pancreatic juice into SI
Describe the role of the
small intestine in
digestion.
•Where most chemical
digestion occurs
•Where chemical digestion is
completed
•Lined with VILLI which
absorb nutrients into the
blood
Identify the labeled organs.
A - Oral cavity
B - Esophagus
C – Stomach
D – Pancreas
E - Large intestine
F - Appendix
G - Small intestine
H – Gall bladder
I - Liver
1. Through what organs does food pass?
(in order)
Oral cavity
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum
Anus
2. In which structures does peristalsis
occur?
Esophagus, stomach, small intestine,
large intestine, rectum
1. Where excess water reabsorbed?
Large intestine
2. What occurs in structure G?
Villi absorb nutrients into blood
3. What does I produce? Where does it
go?
Bile – into small intestine
4. This is where chemical digestion
begins.
Oral cavity
5. This is where chemical digestion ends.
Small intestine
Identify organs where there is no
digestion occurring.
Esophagus
Liver
Salivary glands
Pancreas
Glass bladder
Which part of the human blood:
1. is the most numerous? rbc’s
2. contains a nucleus? wbc’s
3. is biconcave? rbc’s
4. is produced in the bone marrow?
rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets
5. consists mainly of water? plasma
white
blood cell
Y
red blood cell
Identify structures X, Y, and Z.
Z
platelet
Which activity is not a function of white blood
cells in response to an invasion of the body by
bacteria?
1. engulfing these bacteria
2. producing antibodies to act against this type of
bacteria
3. preparing for future invasions of this type of
bacteria
4. speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to
detect these bacteria
Which part of the human blood
transports hormones and nutrients?
1. plasma
2. platelets
3. red blood cells
4. white blood cells
The breaking apart of platelets in the
blood helps in the
1. synthesis of hemoglobin
2. formation of a clot
3. release of antibodies
4. deamination of amino acids
Cardiovascular diseases interfere most
directly with the normal functioning of
system?
Explain the difference between
arteries and veins.
•Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry
blood to the heart.
•Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than
veins.
•Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than
veins.
•Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
Arteries do not have valves.
Explain what occurs in capillaries and
why.
The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out
of the capillary.
Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin
lining that allows for diffusion to occur.
The diagram represents a capillary
near some cells.
1. Identify the substances diffusing
out of the capillary and into cells.
2. Identify the substances diffusing
out of cells into the capillary.
Blood normally flows from the
capillaries directly into
1.small arteries
2.small veins
3. lymph vessels
4. heart atria
The movement of blood from the legs
toward the heart is hindered by
gravity. The effect of gravity is
counteracted by
a. smooth muscle in the capillaries
b. cilia lining the blood vessels
c. valves in the veins
d. lymph nodes near major vessels
Which statement best describes
arteries?
a. They have thick walls and transport
blood away from the heart.
b. They have thick walls and transport
blood toward the heart.
c. They have thin walls and transport blood
away from the heart.
d. They have thin walls and transport blood
toward the heart.
1. Identify the upper chambers of the
heart. Right and left atria
2. Identify the lower chambers of the
heart. Right and left ventricles
3. Identify the structures that separate
the upper and lower chambers. valves
4. Identify the wall that separates the
right and left side of the heart. septum
Identify structures B, D, E, F and H.
aorta
left
atrium
right
atrium
left
ventricle
right ventricle
When blood passes
through the heart
from the left atrium
(D) to the left
ventricle (E), it
must first pass
through a
valve
Identify the part of the heart being
described.
1. Chamber that receives oxygenated
blood.
Left atrium
2. Wall that separates the right and left
side of the heart. Septum
3. Large artery that carries oxygenated
blood to the rest of the body. Aorta
4. Chamber that pumps out
deoxygenated blood. Right ventricle
5. Chamber that receives deoxygenated
blood. Right atrium
6. Prevents the backflow of blood
between atria and ventricles. Valves
7. Chamber that pumps out oxygenated
blood. Left ventricle
For blood to pass through the heart
from the left atrium to the left
ventricle, it must first pass
through
a. an artery
b. a valve
c. a vein
d. a capillary