Transcript ch38

A car is to gasoline as your
body is to
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
your stomach.
your kidneys.
food.
enzymes.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The energy to perform actions, as well as
the materials from which body cells and
tissues are made, comes from
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. cellulose.
2. oxygen.
3. food.
4. blood.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
The energy available in food
can be measured by
1. first determining
which nutrients
the body needs.
2. burning the food.
3. tracing chemical
pathways.
4. all of the above.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
About how many kilocalories does the
average teenager need per day?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
100 to 200
500 to 600
2200 to 2800
10,000
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
A calorie is the amount of
energy needed to
1.
raise the temperature of
the body by 1 Celsius.
raise the temperature of
1 g of fat by 1 Celsius.
raise the temperature of
1 g of water by 1
Celsius.
none of the above
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Substances that are needed by the body for
growth, repair, and maintenance are called
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
enzymes.
nutrients.
ATP.
Calories.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Inorganic nutrients that the body
needs are called
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
lipids.
proteins.
vitamins.
minerals.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following foods do
NOT contain polysaccharides?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
grains
potatoes
meats
vegetables
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The American Heart Association
recommends a diet with a maximum of
1.
40 percent of Calories from fat, of
which only 20 percent should be
from unsaturated fats.
30 percent of Calories from
unsaturated fat, in addition to 10
percent from saturated fats.
50 percent of Calories from
saturated fats.
30 percent of Calories from fat, of
which only 10 percent should be
from saturated fats.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The raw materials that the body needs
for growth and repair come from
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
proteins.
unsaturated fats.
carbohydrates.
water.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Proteins are polymers of
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
lipids.
unsaturated fats.
amino acids.
vitamins.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
When a doctor suggests following a diet low in
saturated fats, which of the following forms of oil is
a preferred choice to use in cooking?
1. oils with single
bonds between
their carbon
atoms
2. vegetable oil
3. animal fats
4. butter
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What is the minimum amount of
water you should drink every day?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
0.5 liter
1 liter
2 liters
3 liters
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following fluids is
made up mostly of water?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
blood
lymph
other body fluids
all of the above
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Water is lost from the body by
each of the following EXCEPT
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
sweating.
urinating.
respiration.
circulation.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What can occur if a person does not take in
enough water to replace what is lost?
1. dehydration
2. circulatory
problems
3. nervous system
problems
4. all of the above
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following statements is NOT
true about the process of sweating?
1.
Sweating is more likely to occur on
hot days than cool days.
Sweating is likely to occur after
strenuous exercise.
Evaporation of sweat warms the
body.
Excessive sweating can lead to
dehydration.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
The Food Guide Pyramid
advises a person to eat more
1. meat than dairy
products.
2. grains than meat.
3. dairy products
than vegetables.
4. dairy products
than grains.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following food groups is NOT
found in a sandwich of only bread, ham, and
mayonnaise?
1. fats, oils, and sweets
2. milk, yogurt, and
cheese
3. meat, poultry, fish,
dry beans, eggs,
and nuts
4. bread, cereal, rice,
and pasta
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
How many food groups make
up the Food Guide Pyramid?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
four
five
six
seven
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The trend of the Food Guide Pyramid is that
the majority of the food in your diet should
be from
1. the group(s) at the
top.
2. the group(s) at the
bottom.
3. the group(s) in the
middle.
4. all of the groups in
the same proportion.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following food groups
contain few valuable vitamins?
1. fats, oils, and
sweets
2. milk, yogurt, and
cheese
3. vegetables
4. fruit
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What “food tube” carries food between
the pharynx and the stomach?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
small intestine
epiglottis
esophagus
large intestine
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following would
NOT be found in the stomach?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
mucus
pepsin
villi
hydrochloric acid
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following is NOT a
function of the pancreas?
1.
25%
produces hormones that regulate
blood sugar levels
produces enzymes that break down
carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and
nucleic acids
produces bile
produces sodium bicarbonate, a base
that neutralizes stomach acid
2.
3.
4.
1
1
2
3
4
5
25%
2
25%
3
25%
4
What is one of the roles of the
pancreas in nutrition?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
absorb nutrients
churn food
dissolve food
neutralize acids
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What enzyme found in saliva breaks
chemical bonds between the sugar
monomers in starches?
25% 25%
25%
25%
amylase
chyme
pepsin
hydrochloric acid
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
Where does the process of
chemical digestion begin?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
stomach
esophagus
small intestine
mouth
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What does mechanical digestion in
the stomach involve?
1. absorption of
nutrients by villi
2. pepsin and bile
3. strong muscular
contractions
4. bile and
pancreatic fluid
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The stomach breaks down food into a
soft, partially digested mixture called
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
pepsin.
chyme.
amylase.
bile.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Through which structure do
wastes pass into the rectum?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
duodenum
large intestine
small intestine
villus
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Water is extracted from digested
food in the body primarily by the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
bladder.
gallbladder.
large intestine.
pancreas.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Look at Figure 38–1. Clean, filtered blood is
returned to circulation through the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
renal artery.
renal vein.
urinary bladder.
urethra.
2
3
4
5
25% 25% 25% 25%
1
2
3
4
In what structure in Figure 38–1 do
filtration and reabsorption occur?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
kidney
renal vein
urinary bladder
ureter
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The function of the excretory system is
to control homeostasis and
1. break down
nutrients.
2. remove wastes.
3. absorb nutrients.
4. prevent infection.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The main organs of the
excretory system are the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
kidneys.
lungs.
intestines.
ureters.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following is NOT
part of a nephron?
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
urethra
renal vein
glomerulus
Bowman’s
capsule
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The activity of the kidneys is
controlled by hormones and by the
1. volume of
nutrients.
2. volume of filtrate.
3. composition of the
blood.
4. composition of the
urine.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
When the kidneys detect an
increase in salt, they respond by
1.
excreting less salt in
urine.
returning more salt to
the blood by filtration.
returning more salt to
the blood by
reabsorption.
returning less salt to the
blood by reabsorption.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which of the following controls
the activity of the kidneys?
1. the composition of
the blood
2. regulatory hormones
that are released in
response to the
composition of blood
3. both a and b
4. none of the above
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What percentage of the filtrate’s water that
enters Bowman’s capsule is reabsorbed into
the blood?
25% 25%
25%
25%
1. 100 percent
2. 99 percent
3. 50 percent
4. less than 25
percent
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
In the kidneys, both useful substances and
wastes are removed from the blood by
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
reabsorption.
excretion.
dialysis.
filtration.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
The process of dialysis
1.
carries urine to the
urinary bladder.
pumps blood throughout
the body.
returns filtered blood to
the body.
forces water into cells
and tissues by osmosis.
2.
3.
4.
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Dialysis performs the function of
the
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
liver.
ureter.
kidneys.
urinary bladder.
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
What materials are removed
from the blood through dialysis?
1. urea and excess
salts
2. chyme
3. amylase and
pepsin
4. none of the above
1
2
3
4
5
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
In a label displaying the “Calorie” content of
food, the unit is actually the kilocalorie.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Simple and complex carbohydrates are the
main source of energy for the body.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
The bulk supplied by fats helps muscles to keep
food and wastes moving through the digestive
system. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Every cell in the human body needs protein because this is
the material in which many of the body’s processes,
including chemical reactions, take place.
_________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Following the Food Guide Pyramid, you should have 6–11
servings of the bread, cereal, rice, and pasta group every
day. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
The Food Guide Pyramid classifies food into
five groups. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Digestive enzymes found in the small
intestine break down undigested fats.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Gravity allows food to travel through your
esophagus into the stomach.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Digestive enzymes are necessary for
mechanical digestion.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
If too little water is absorbed from the large
intestine, constipation results.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
Together, the skin, lungs, and kidneys—along with
their associated organs—make up the excretory
system. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Blood leaves the kidneys through the renal
arteries. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Excretion helps to maintain the body’s
homeostasis.
_________________________
1. True
50%
50%
2. False
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
As the amount of water in the blood increases, the
rate of water reabsorption in the kidneys
increases. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
When using a kidney dialysis machine, blood is
removed from the body through special tubing that
acts like nephrons. _________________________
1. True
2. False
1
2
3
4
50%
5
1
50%
2
Participant Scores
0
0
Participant 1
Participant 2
0
0
0
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
The science of ____________________ is
the study of food and its effects on the body.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Vitamins that are ____________________soluble cannot be stored within the body.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Calcium, iron, and magnesium are all
examples of the group of nutrients called
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Blood, lymph, and other bodily fluids consist
mostly of ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
You should have at least ____________________
servings of meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, or
nuts every day.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Contractions known as ____________________
squeeze food through the length of the esophagus
into the stomach.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The large organ that lies above the stomach
and produces bile is the
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The teeth are extremely important in
____________________ digestion.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The pancreas produces _________________________, a
base that neutralizes stomach acid so that the enzymes
can be effective.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
If a part of the stomach wall digests itself,
a(an) ____________________ develops.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Gastric glands produce mucus, hydrochloric
acid, and the enzyme
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The functioning units of the kidneys
are the ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The kidneys play an important role in
maintaining ____________________ in the
body.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
To a large extent, the activity of kidneys is
controlled by the composition of
____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
An artificial heart is to a real heart as dialysis
tubing is to ____________________.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Name two functions of fat.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How does a calorie differ from a
Calorie?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
List the six nutrients needed by
the body.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why is it important to eat foods that contain
water-soluble vitamins every day?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Why do you lose more water from your
body on hot days than on cold days?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is the Food Guide
Pyramid?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How does your stomach enable you to
eat a few large meals each day?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How is chyme produced?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
If a person’s gallbladder is removed, the
person can survive and lead a relatively
normal life. Why?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is the function of the
digestive system?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Figure 38–1
What is the function of the
ureter?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What is the function of the
urinary bladder?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How do kidneys maintain
homeostasis?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
If your kidneys were not working, what
would happen if you drank a large quantity
of water?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What are a person’s two options for survival
if both of his or her kidneys are unable to
function?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
The energy for one hour of intense mental effort can be
supplied by half a peanut. Why, then, does an author who
writes five hours a day consume 2400 Calories?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Compare and contrast vitamins
and minerals.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How does the body lose water?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Write a paragraph describing how your
eating habits compare to the guidelines
illustrated in the Food Guide Pyramid.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
What organs and major accessory
structures make up the digestive system?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
You take a bite of an apple. Describe what
happens to that bite of apple as it goes
through the digestive system.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Discuss the functions of the following
structures of the excretory system: kidneys,
ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Rattlesnake venom breaks down the walls of
the glomerulus. Why does a rattlesnake bite
cause blood to appear in the urine?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
How do the kidneys respond to an
increased intake of water? Of salt?
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5
Describe the process of dialysis.
1
2
3
4
5
0 of 5